Fighting experiences and natural killer cell activity in male laboratory mice

There is currently much interest in the potential impact of psychological factors on immune responses. An attempt was made to assess the effects of dominant/subordinate polarity in male mice on the cytotoxic activities of their natural-killer (NK) cells. On the basis of repeated agonistic encounters, categories of subordinate and dominat animals were selected. These animals were compared with manipulated controls (introduced to a novel test cage without an opponent on each occasion) and undisturbed controls (who remained in isolation without manipulation). In terms of NK activity, immunosuppression was observed in both dominant and subordinate categories when compared to undisturbed controls. There were, however, no differences between the fighting exposed subjects and the manipulated controls, suggesting that stress accounts for any changes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

行为免疫系统对个体就医行为倾向的影响

研究首次考察了行为免疫系统与个体就医行为倾向的关系。3个研究一致显示：行为免疫系统特质性激活水平较高的个体更容易对就医持消极态度和延迟就医; 情境性激活行为免疫系统会使得个体更不愿意就医和更倾向于延迟就医; 且行为免疫系统激活对就医态度和就医延迟倾向的影响以对就医感染风险的感知为中介。这支持了进化失配假说, 提示行为免疫系统对现代医学可能缺乏进化的适应性, 并为理解现代人类就医行为提供了新的理论视角。     

微流控分析芯片在循环肿瘤细胞检测中的运用

随着人们对于肿瘤性疾病的发生、发展、转移机制的进一步探索,循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）逐渐进入人们视野,其应用价值日益体现,可用于肿瘤性疾病的早期诊断及治疗效果的监测,尤其是对于早期肿瘤的诊断具有独特优势。其富集技术及检测方法也在发生着日新月异的变化。近年来,微流控分析芯片技术运用于 CTCs 的富集及检测,具有高丰度、高富集度、高活性及不需要对样本进行预处理等优点使得人们聚焦于此技术,本文对微流控分析芯片在 CTCs 检测中的运用做简要综述。     

晚期乳腺癌原发灶局部处理的若干问题

乳腺癌仍然是严重威胁女性健康的重大疾病。每年新发乳腺癌患者中约有6％为Ⅳ期乳腺癌,而这类患者5年生存率小于20％,局部处理（外科、放疗）可以根除局部病灶及微小转移灶,以延缓或者缓解症状,但是否可以带来生存获益尚无定论。本文对Ⅳ期乳腺癌原发灶的局部处理等方面的若干问题作一综述。     

直肠间质瘤致下消化道大出血1例报告

胃肠道间质瘤是一种发生于消化道的少见的间叶肿瘤,直肠间质瘤更为罕见,在直肠肿瘤中的发生率0．1％以下。直肠问质瘤的临床表现无特异性,与其他直肠肿瘤相似,随肿瘤逐渐增大可表现为排便习惯改变、便血、排便困难等。临床确定诊断困难。手术治疗是能够治愈直肠问质瘤的唯一方法。格列卫作为一线化疗药物对术前降期及改善预后都有良好疗效。本例患者因下消化道大出血入院,肿瘤近肛缘,术中病理考虑为直肠闻质瘤,完整切除肿瘤后行保肛术。术后应用格列卫,随诊3个月无复发、转移。     

关注肿瘤患者避免过度诊疗——解析ASCO大会关于肿瘤诊疗的5项建议

现代肿瘤的诊疗水平已经有了长足的进步,先进的诊断技术使得很多肿瘤得以早期发现并积极治疗,很多晚期患者也不再面临无药可用的境地,但由于临床医生的认识存在偏差,存在过度诊断和过度治疗的问题,进而给患者带来不必要的负担和痛苦。美国临床肿瘤学会（ASC0）年会上发布了一篇名为“ASCO为改善肿瘤治疗质量及医疗花费的5项建议”的文章,特别提出要重视五项临床广泛应用、花费较大,但缺乏高级临床证据的肿瘤治疗或干预措施,也提示我们需要充分评估,综合思考,为合适的患者提供正确的诊治方案,才能给患者带来更大的获益。     

早期目标血糖管理下严重脓毒症患者HMGB1的变化及其临床意义

探讨早期目标血糖管理对严重脓毒症患者HMGB1变化的影响.严重脓毒症患者随机分为血糖控制A（4.4mmol/L~6.1mmol/L）、B（6.2mmol/L~8.3mmol/L）、C（8.4mmol/L~10.0mmol/L）三组.给予早期目标血糖管理,入ICU后0d、1d、3d、5d、7d采血测TNF-α、HMGB1浓度.三组TNF-α、HMGB1浓度及APACHEⅡ评分均呈下降趋势,A组HMGB1浓度及APACHEⅡ评分在第7d较B、C组明显降低（P＜0.05）.A组28d病死率较B、C组降低（P＆gt;0.05）.严重脓毒症患者在早期目标血糖管理下,显著降低HMGB1浓度,降低病死率和改善预后,HMGB1可用来评价脓毒症的严重程度及预后.     

胃肠道肿瘤的分子靶向治疗:未来的方向?

分子靶向治疗是这几年来消化道肿瘤治疗领域的热门话题.这类新一代的分子靶向生物治疗模式,将在临床治疗肿瘤实践中具有广阔的应用前景.从事肿瘤研究的临床医务人员需要综合归纳这些信息,融汇入自己的认知将之合理应用于患者.我们将真正进入传统的细胞毒性药物攻击与非细胞毒性靶向性药物相结合使用的时代,真正实现延长患者的生命,改善其生活质量的目标.     

Executive functions and social skills in survivors of pediatric brain tumor

Medical advances have resulted in increased survival rates for children with brain tumors. Consequently, issues related to survivorship have become more critical. The use of multimodal treatment, in particular cranial radiation therapy, has been associated with subsequent cognitive decline. Specifically, deficits in executive functions have been reported in survivors of various types of pediatric brain tumor. Survivors are left with difficulties, particularly in self-monitoring, initiation, inhibition, and planning, to name a few. Another domain in which survivors of pediatric brain tumor have been reported to show difficulty is that of social skills. Parents, teachers, and survivors themselves have reported decreased social functioning following treatment. Deficits in executive functions and social skills are likely interrelated in this population, as executive skills are needed to navigate various aspects of social interaction; however, this has yet to be studied empirically. Twenty-four survivors of pediatric brain tumor were assessed using a computerized task of executive functions, as well as paper-and-pencil measures of social skills and real-world executive skills. Social functioning was related to a specific aspect of executive functions, that is, the survivors' variability in response time, such that inconsistent responding was associated with better parent-reported and survivor-reported social skills, independent of intellectual abilities. Additionally, parent-reported real-world global executive abilities predicted parent-reported social skills. The implications of these findings for social skills interventions and future research are discussed.     

Positive Correlation Between Serum Interleukin‐1β and State Anger in Rugby Athletes

Recently, several studies reported a relationship between immune system activation and anger expression. Consequently, the aim of this study was to explore immunitary molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie anger expression. To this end, we applied the Frustration—Aggression Theory in a contact sport model, utilizing the nearing of sporting events to trigger anger feelings. In parallel, we evaluated the activation of immune system at mRNA levels. We enrolled 20 amateur rugby players (age ± SD, 27.2 ± 4.5) who underwent psychological assessment to evaluate anger, with the State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory‐2 (STAXI‐2), before rugby matches; at the same time blood samples were taken to analyze the variations of gene expression by microarray. During the 2 hr before each game, a significant increase was verified in the Rage State (RS) score compared to the score ascertained 72 hr before. At the same time, we found modulation in expression profile, in particular increased expression of gene that encodes interleukin l‐β (IL‐1β). In a regression analysis, RS score was related to IL‐1β, and the potential risk factors age, body mass index, smoking, and drinking. The levels of cytokine were positively and independently related to RS score. Our results suggest that the nearing of sporting event can trigger anger state feelings and activate immune system in rugby players. We propose the IL‐1β as a potential biological marker of anger. However, further research is necessary to clarify the correlation between cytokine and anger. Aggr. Behav. 39 :141‐148, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.