Teaching reading to disabled readers with language disorders: A controlled evaluation of synthetic speech feedback

In a long-term study two groups of language and reading impaired students ( N = 15 + 15) were reading with the aid of segmented speech-feedback in a computerized program. One group received feedback that was simultaneously segmented visually and auditorily into syllables, the other received feedback by letter names. In both groups subjects were expected to synthesize segments into words and to compare their synthesis to whole word feed-back subsequently provided by the computer. They worked for half a lesson (approximately 20 minutes) a day for a total of 40 days. During this period, the experiment groups progressed more in reading than a control group of age and reading-level-matched students ( N = 35) who received traditional remedial instruction. The group in the syllable condition gained slightly more in non-word reading and in syllable segmentation than did the letter group. Differences in gains in reading abilities were not explained by differences in age, but to some extent by initial level of phoneme and syllable awareness. Future applications of the speech-feedback system are discussed.     

恶性肿瘤多学科综合诊疗模式的探讨

恶性肿瘤的治疗方法和理念不断更新,依靠单一治疗方法很难取得理想效果,多学科综合诊疗(MDT)模式是以患者为中心和以多学科专家组为依托的多种诊疗模式的有机结合,保障了肿瘤患者最佳诊疗方案的实施,促进了学科间的交流和了解.资料显示,MDT是恶性肿瘤患者改善结局的最好模式.推广和完善MDT模式将有助于我国医疗资源共享,减少误诊误治,改善肿瘤患者预后,提高存活率.     

恶性肿瘤多学科综合诊疗模式的探讨

恶性肿瘤的治疗方法和理念不断更新,依靠单一治疗方法很难取得理想效果,多学科综合诊疗（MDT）模式是以患者为中心和以多学科专家组为依托的多种诊疗模式的有机结合,保障了肿瘤患者最佳诊疗方案的实施,促进了学科间的交流和了解.资料显示,MDT是恶性肿瘤患者改善结局的最好模式.推广和完善MDT模式将有助于我国医疗资源共享,减少误诊误治,改善肿瘤患者预后,提高存活率.     

医学基本功与临床决策

医学的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能,是临床医生的基本功底,是医疗实践的基础。任何疾病的发生、发展和治疗,都不能背离人体的生理病理规律。所提供的10个病例,充分地指明,掌握医学的基本功和对病情直接、全面、充分、持续的了解,是十分重要的。     

从误诊病例看综合理念对临床诊断的意义

人类对疾病的认识需要一个过程,故误诊是医学发展的正常现象。但对于那些可知可预见的疾病则应避免误诊。从临床误诊病例中分析误诊的主观原因有医生认识不足、思路狭窄、经验主义等。只有综合思维、辩证分析、不断学习,才能最大限度避免误诊。     

Computer‐assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach for children using cochlear implants or hearing aids

The present study examined computer‐assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children in Sweden using cochlear implants or hearing aids, or a combination of both. The study included 48 children, 5, 6 and 7 years of age. Sixteen children with normal hearing (NH) served as a reference group. The first purpose of the study was to compare NH and DHH children's reading ability at pre and post‐intervention. The second purpose was to investigate effects of the intervention. Cognitive and demographic factors were analyzed in relation to reading improvement. Results showed no statistically significant difference for reading ability at the group level, although NH children showed overall higher reading scores at both test points. Age comparisons revealed a statistically significant higher reading ability in the NH 7‐year‐olds compared to the DHH 7‐year‐olds. The intervention proved successful for word decoding accuracy, passage comprehension and as a reduction of nonword decoding errors in both NH and DHH children. Reading improvement was associated with complex working memory and phonological processing skills in NH children. Correspondent associations were observed with visual working memory and letter knowledge in the DHH children. Age was the only demographic factor that was significantly correlated with reading improvement. The results suggest that DHH children's beginning reading may be influenced by visual strategies that might explain the reading delay in the older children.     

综合分析基础上重新认识再生障碍性贫血——从“综合征”到“自身免疫性疾病”

此前认为再生障碍性贫血是以多种机制导致骨髓造血功能衰竭以外周血细胞减少为特征的一组异质性疾病群,研究发现此类患者体内,CD3＋CD8＋T淋巴细胞数目增加、CD4＋／CD8＋T淋巴细胞比值降低、T细胞功能亢进、Th1型细胞因子分泌增多。综合分析认为再生障碍性贫血是以Th1细胞异常活化导致自身反应性T淋巴细胞功能亢进导致造血干祖细胞损伤的一种自身免疫性疾病。     

关于虚拟现实、远程操作等合成环境中的远程临境感研究

虚拟现实、远程操作、远程通信等系统环境一般称为合成环境。合成环境的特点是用户将以计算机为媒介与物理上与他分离的环境进行交互。远程临境感是用户将自我知觉移入以计算机为媒介的环境中时出现的一种体验。本文论述了有关合成环境中的远程临境感的人因素设计观点,实现远程临境感的重要技术,以及关于远程临境感的将来研究。