Misconduct in science and the german law

In the past, only norms and rules developed for other types of illegal activities could be applied to misconduct in science in Germany. But only particularly blatant cases of misconduct can be dealt with efficiently in this way. Nowadays, a couple of very important funding agencies and research institutions have enacted special procedures that apply in cases of suspected scientific misconduct. A strongly decentralised system of dealing with misconduct in science is being established in Germany. An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct. An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998.     

疑病者与疑似病者之比较研究

疑病者与疑似病者,在基础心理特征方面存在较大差异,也有一定的共性,两者都构成诊断结果,会给当事人带来心理上焦虑、不安等情绪。疑病者的心理问题是内生性的,与精神倾向及人格有关,疑似病者的心理问题是外生性的,与机体症状有关。疑病者与疑似病者的角色在一定条件下可以相互转化,疑病者在长期不良心境下可变为疑似病者,具有高神经质人格的疑似病者易转变为疑病者。在心理干预过程中,应该注意到这两者不同的特点,采取不同的措施。     

Detecting the malingering of cognitive deficits: An update

There has recently been a dramatic increase of empirical studies that investigate methods for detecting malingering of cognitive deficits. The present review focuses on a comparison of simulated and suspected malingerers in the malingering literature, and critiques the numerous approaches to the detection of malingering. The approaches that are reviewed include detection of floor effects, discrepancies of information, response bias, neuropsychological tests and batteries, symptom validity testing, and anomalous performance on memory tests. The latter approach has only recently been proposed by researchers and may show the most promise.     

乡村医生发现可疑结核病症状者研究综述

结核病仍然是严重危害我国人群健康的传染病,如何有效发现结核病病例是制约目前结核病控制项目是否成功的瓶颈。乡村医生在结核病病例发现方面具有至关重要的作用,如何提高其作用已成为研究的热点。本文对现阶段乡村医生发现可疑结核病症状者的方式及现状进行综述,并提出提高乡村医生在结核病病例发现中作用的措施。