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1.
Peter Houtlosser 《Argumentation》1998,12(3):387-405
An adequate evaluation of argumentation requires identification of the object to which the argumentation pertains: the point of view. What are the distinguishing features of this object? In the pragma-dialectical argumentation theory, the object of argumentation is referred to by means of the notion ‘standpoint’. In other theories concerned with argumentation, reasoning, convincing or persuading, notions are used such as ‘thesis’, ‘conclusion’, ‘opinion’ and ‘attitude’. This paper is a survey of the characterisations of the object of argumentation given in the various theories. It discusses the pragma-dialectical argumentation theory, socio-psychological research on persuasion, cognitive research on reasoning, argumentative discourse analysis, two variants of informal logic, advocacy and debate, and the theory of communicative action. Next, it explores some relations between the notions used in these theories. Finally, it outlines some starting points for further research into the problems of identification. 相似文献
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Those who subscribe to aprudential conception of practical reason do not believe that there is a conflict between other-regarding
and self-regarding norms as the former are held to be founded on the latter. Moral conduct, they maintain, is always rationally
justifiable. The reasons we should fulfil the demands of other-regarding norms are the same as those we have for fulfilling
self-regarding norms. David Brink has put forth an interesting and novel account of this approach to practical reason which
he calls‘metaphysical egoism’. Metaphysical egoism requires that we modify our pre-theoretical understandings of self-interest
on metaphysical grounds. I critically assess Brink’s argument and claim that metaphysical egoism does not adequately function
as a motive or guide for action. It is susceptible to many of the same problems which strategic egoism faces.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Edward B. Davis 《Zygon》2000,35(4):971-976
Perhaps the greatest irony about the contemporary religion-science dialogue is the fact that, despite their own strongly articulated denials, many thinkers implicitly accept the "warfare" thesis of A. D. White—that is, they agree with White that traditional theology has proved unable to engage science in fruitful conversation. More than most others, John Polkinghorne understands just how badly White misread the history of Christianity and science, and how much theology has been impoverished by its failure to challenge this core assumption of modernity. 相似文献
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《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2019,25(4):240-250
Based on broaden-and-build theory, this study proposes to expand the happy-productive worker thesis by exploring an emergent operationalization of happiness. To do so, the mediating effect of the dimensions of psychological well-being at work (i.e., relation to oneself, to others and to work) on the relation between resilience and task performance has been tested. A total of 280 Quebec workers filled out validated measures. Obtained by structural equation modelling analyses, the results indicate that the rapport with oneself of psychological well-being at work acts as the only mediator between resilience and task performance. These findings underscore the importance of encouraging the development of interventions that build on the resilience and positive experience of workers to optimize their work performance. 相似文献
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XU Yuxia 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2019,14(3):457
This paper sets forth the reasons why Nietzsche thought nihilism to be inevitable from the perspective of the tenacity of the intentional. Through distinguishing two ordered intentional states—first-order and high-order—and two kinds of objects respectively, the paper illustrates that it is impossible to find a new ultimate value to replace Christian values when Nietzsche announced “the death of God.” Inspired by Nietzsche’s thoughts, the paper concludes by briefly discussing the possibility of comparing Confucian and Nietzsche’s ideas concerning nihilism. 相似文献
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The so-called Preface Paradox seems to show that one can rationally believe two logically incompatible propositions. We address this puzzle, relying on the notions of truthlikeness and approximate truth as studied within the post-Popperian research programme on verisimilitude. In particular, we show that adequately combining probability, approximate truth, and truthlikeness leads to an explanation of how rational belief is possible in the face of the Preface Paradox. We argue that our account is superior to other solutions of the paradox, including a recent one advanced by Hannes Leitgeb (Analysis 74.1). 相似文献
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Four perspectives (moral community thesis, religious integration, religious commitment, and social networks) guide the selection of variables in this study. Data are from the combined World Values/European Values Surveys for 2000 (50,547 individuals nested in 56 nations). The results of a multivariate hierarchical linear model support all four perspectives. Persons residing in nations with relatively high levels of religiosity, who are affiliated with one of four major faiths, are religiously committed, and are engaged with a religious network are found to be lower in suicide acceptability. The religious integration perspective, in particular, is empirically supported; affiliation with Islam is associated with low suicide acceptability. The findings provide strong support for an integrated model and demonstrate the usefulness of the moral community thesis in understanding suicide acceptability. 相似文献
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Byeong-uk Yi 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2014,9(4):498-522
This paper presents an interpretation of Gongsun Long's white horse paradox. The Chinese sentence he uses to state his main thesis (Bai ma fei ma) has two potential readings: (a) The white horses are not horses. (b) The white horses are not the horses Although (a) gives the usual and correct reading of the sentence, according to the interpretation, Gongsun Long takes it to state (b). He gives good arguments for (b) while taking them to establish (a) as well, for he fails to distinguish between the two different theses. In presenting this interpretation, the paper gives an account of the function of numeral classifiers and discusses the semantics of count nouns in languages with no grammatical number system, including classical Chinese and classifier languages (e.g., contemporary Chinese). 相似文献
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Nicholas Capaldi 《Argumentation》1995,9(4):563-575
I show how scientism leads to deconstruction and both, in turn, lead to nihilism. Nihilism constitutes a denial both of the existence of fallacious moral reasoning and the existence of a moral dimension to fallacious reasoning. I argue against all of these positions by maintaining that (1) there is a pre-theoretical framework of norms within which technical thinking function, (2) the pre-theoretical framework cannot itself be technically conceptualized, and (3) the explication of this framework permits us to identify both fallacies of moral reasoning and the immorality of fallacious reasoning. 相似文献