寻找丢失的自我——精神分裂症患者的自我面孔识别

为探索精神分裂症患者自我面孔识别的能力以及在视听整合任务中面孔对声音身份识别(同性和异性)的影响, 选取34名住院精神分裂症患者和26名健康被试, 分别进行单通道动态自我面孔识别任务、单通道自我声音识别任务和视听整合任务的3个实验。结果发现：精神分裂症患者的单通道自我面孔识别能力和自我声音识别能力与健康组无区别, 但在视听整合任务中, 精神分裂症患者的声音身份识别受到视觉通道面孔识别的影响。结果表明, 精神分裂症患者有自我面孔识别的能力, 自我面孔会促进自我声音的识别, 并抑制对同性他人声音和异性他人声音的识别。     

我听故我在？自我声音识别机制的探索

自我声音是自我相关信息之一,同时也是个体识别身份时最重要的标志之一。声音具有骨传导和空气传导的传导方式和个体动机水平的差异都影响个体自我声音识别。在进行自我声音识别认知加工的过程中,会激活右半球额叶大部分脑区,并且在P3和N2成分上与在非我身份声音识别中同样存在显著差异。从声音刺激和个体动机两种角度来开展自我声音识别研究,并结合进化心理学与脑成像技术探索其神经机制,宜成为未来研究的一个方向。     

Mechanism underlying the self-enhancement effect of voice attractiveness evaluation: self-positivity bias and familiarity effect

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the self-enhancement effect of voice attractiveness evaluation is due to general self-positivity bias and/or the familiarity effect. The participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of their own voice, a friend's voice and strangers' voices. In addition, a self-reference valence (SR-valence) task was adopted in the experiment. Significant self-enhancement effects in voice attractiveness ratings were demonstrated, regardless of whether the participants recognized their self-voice or not. However, the friend-enhancement effect was found in only those participants who successfully recognized their friend's voice. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between self-positivity bias in the SR-valence task and the self-enhancement effect (but not the friend-enhancement effect). Our findings suggest that both the familiarity effect and self-positivity bias account for the vocal self-enhancement effect, and the influence of self-positivity bias could be implicit. The present study thus provides empirical evidence to clarify the potential explanations for the self-enhancement of voice attractiveness assessment.     

Perceptual prioritization of self-associated voices

Information associated with the self is prioritized relative to information associated with others and is therefore processed more quickly and accurately. Across three experiments, we examined whether a new externally-generated voice could become associated with the self and thus be prioritized in perception. In the first experiment, participants learned associations between three unfamiliar voices and three identities (self, friend, stranger). Participants then made speeded judgements of whether voice-identity pairs were correctly matched, or not. A clear self-prioritization effect was found, with participants showing quicker and more accurate responses to the newly self-associated voice relative to either the friend- or stranger- voice. In two further experiments, we tested whether this prioritization effect increased if the self-voice was gender-matched to the identity of the participant (Experiment 2) or if the self-voice was chosen by the participant (Experiment 3). Gender-matching did not significantly influence prioritization; the self-voice was similarly prioritized when it matched the gender identity of the listener as when it did not. However, we observed that choosing the self-voice did interact with prioritization (Experiment 3); the self-voice became more prominent, via lesser prioritization of the other identities, when the self-voice was chosen relative to when it was not. Our findings have implications for the design and selection of individuated synthetic voices used for assistive communication devices, suggesting that agency in choosing a new vocal identity may modulate the distinctiveness of that voice relative to others.     

自我嗓音吸引力的评价偏向及抑郁的作用

探讨自我嗓音吸引力评价的积极偏向及抑郁因素的作用。以34名女性和32名男性大学生为被试,采用主观评定法分别对自我、熟人和陌生他人的嗓音吸引力进行评价,同时施测贝克抑郁量表。结果显示:男性和女性被试均对自我嗓音表现出更高评价,随着抑郁分数的增高,女性对自我嗓音吸引力的评价会随之降低。结果提示嗓音吸引力评价的自我积极偏向具有稳定性并与抑郁关系密切,女性抑郁程度越高,自我嗓音吸引力评价越低。