POLANYI ON TELEOLOGY: ARESPONSETO JOHN APCZYNSKI AND RICHARD GELWICK

Abstract. Michael Polanyi criticized the neo‐Darwinian synthesis on two grounds: that accidental hereditary changes bringing adaptive advantages cannot account for the rise of discontinuous new species, and that a Ideological ordering principle is needed to explain evolutionary advance. I commend the previous articles by John Apczynski and Richard Gelwick and also argue, more strongly than they, that Polanyi's critique of evolutionary theory is flawed. It relies on an inappropriate notion of progress and untenable analogies from the human process of scientific discovery and the fact that in physical systems minimal potential energy is most stable. Yet within a life of commitment to transcendent values humans can directly experience purpose and meaning, and in developing this notion Polanyi makes his greatest contribution to teleology.     

独立、协同和平衡视角下的单维式基本心理需要满足

通过聚焦各需要满足(自主、归属或能力满足)间的“异质”性, 单维式基本心理需要满足的探索为基本心理需要满足研究的整体框架提供了重要补充。独立、协同和平衡视角下, 综述了单维式需要满足影响个体的理论基础(内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制)和研究现状; 提出并论述了三种需要满足的有限可替代性。未来研究应深化三种视角的需要满足研究、探索需要满足间的补偿效应、单维式需要满足的神经基础和单维式基本需要受阻等。     

幼儿园教师社会化与工作满意度的关系

研究者普遍认为教师社会化程度越高,社会化结果越积极.本研究以天津市的327名幼儿园教师为研究对象,在对教师社会化内容和工作满意度进行细分的基础上,考察了教师社会化与工作满意的关系.研究结果表明:①幼儿园教师组织知识社会化程度与工作满意各维度正相关;②工作任务社会化程度(即,任务掌握)与报酬、晋升、利益、偶然奖励和操作程序满意正相关,与工作本身、管理者、同事和人际满意呈现负相关趋势;③角色知识社会化程度(即,角色清晰)仪与工作本身、管理者、同事和人际满意显著正柑关;④组织政治社会化程度仅与偶然奖励满意显著负相关.最后,研究从j二作满意度内容差异的角度对上述结果做出了解释,并提出了对工作满意度做高阶划分的观点.