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1.
《Médecine & Droit》2023,2023(180):45-53
During an expertise, if the expert “discovers” or is entrusted with information concerning an offence, should he report it to the authorities? Could the expert be sanctioned in the absence of denunciation of a tort or criminal act? The answer will be nuanced on a case-by-case basis. The expert confronted with the revelation of a crime or misdemeanor must decide in good conscience what he reveals in his report, or even report it to the prosecution. 相似文献
2.
Thomas Sajwaj 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1977,10(3):531-540
Several guidelines surrounding the use of behavioral procedures have recently appeared, the best of which is that of the National Association of Retarded Citizens (NARC). Some issues and implications of the establishment of guidelines are briefly reviewed in the context of the NARC guidelines. Issues include the factual versus opinion bases for guidelines and the need to continue the development of explicit behavioral criteria for assessing staff competence. Implications for programs include the impact of guidelines on professional boundaries, administrative decision-making, and budgeting, together with the dangers of expanding the regulatory bureaucracy. Several miscellaneous impacts are noted, including a potential for curbing innovative behavioral technology. 相似文献
3.
Failure to share household chores equitably may be a major cause of the high failure rate of experimental group-living arrangements. A behavioral approach to worksharing based on a point system was implemented in one experimental group and its most important components experimentally evaluated. Experiment I showed that awarding credits produced more work than not awarding credits. Experiment II showed that making credits contingent on the outcome of a detailed inspection produced more work than awarding credits noncontingently. Experiment III demonstrated that awarding rent reductions contingent on credit earnings produced more work than awarding rent reductions noncontingently. Other evaluative data suggest that the resulting living arrangement is cheaper, more effective, and more satisfactory to the residents when compared to the most popular alternative living arrangements. 相似文献
4.
《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2018,59(2):192-197
The traditional interpretation of symptom over‐reporting is that it indicates malingering. We explored a different perspective, namely that over‐reporting of eccentric symptoms is related to deficits in articulating internal experiences (i.e., alexithymia). Given that alexithymia has been linked to sleep problems and that fatigue may fuel inattentive responding to symptom lists, we administered measures of alexithymia (TAS ‐20) and symptom over‐reporting (SIMS ), but also sleep quality (SLEEP ‐50) to forensic psychiatric outpatients (n = 40) and non‐forensic participants (n = 40). Forensic patients scored significantly higher on all three indices than non‐forensic participants. In the total sample as well as in subsamples, over‐reporting correlated positively and significantly with alexithymia, with r s being in the 0.50–0.65 range. Sleep problems were also related to over‐reporting, but in the full sample and in the forensic subsample, alexithymia predicted variance in over‐reporting over and above sleep problems. Although our study is cross‐sectional in nature, its results indicate that alexithymia as a potential source of over‐reporting merits systematic research. 相似文献
5.
Paul H. Morris 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(2):395-410
There have been frequent attempts in psychology to reduce the reliance on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) as the criterion for establishing the importance of results. Many authorities now recommend the reporting of effect sizes (ESs) as a supplement or alternative to NHST. However, there is extensive specialist literature highlighting problems associated with the use and interpretation of ESs. A review of the coverage of ESs in over 100 textbooks on statistical analysis in behavioural science revealed widespread neglect of ESs and the relevant critical issues that have widespread coverage in the more specialist literature. For example, many textbooks claim that ESs should be interpreted as a simple measure of the practical real-world importance of a result despite the fact that ESs are profoundly influenced by features of design and analysis strategy. We seek to highlight areas of misunderstanding about ESs found in the pedagogical literature in the light of the more specialist literature and make recommendations to researchers for the appropriate use and interpretation of ESs. This is critical as statistics textbooks have a crucial role in the education of researchers. 相似文献
6.
Fabry disease in genetic counseling practice: recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bennett RL Hart KA O'Rourke E Barranger JA Johnson J MacDermot KD Pastores GM Steiner RD Thadhani R 《Journal of genetic counseling》2002,11(2):121-146
The objective of this document is to provide health care professionals with recommendations for genetic counseling and testing of individuals with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease, with a family history of Fabry disease, and those identified as female carriers of Fabry disease. These recommendations are the opinions of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors, medical geneticists, and other health professionals with expertise in Fabry disease counseling, as well as an individual with Fabry disease who is a founder of a Fabry disease patient advocacy group in the United States. The recommendations are U.S. Preventive Task Force Class III, and they are based on clinical experience, a review of pertinent English-language articles, and reports of expert committees. This document reviews the genetics of Fabry disease, the indications for genetic testing and interpretation of results, psychosocial considerations, and references for professional and patient resources. These recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. The professional judgment of a healthcare provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case, will always supersede these recommendations. 相似文献
7.
Rhoades LJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):459-468
This paper reports data and scholarly opinion that support the perception of systemic flaws in the management of scientific
professions and the research enterprise; explores the responsibility that professional status places on the scientific professions,
and elaborates the concept of the responsible conduct of research (RCR). Data are presented on research misconduct, availability
of research guidelines, and perceived research quality.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland, 5–6 April, 2002.
The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Office of Research
Integrity, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or any other federal agency. 相似文献
8.
Andersen D;Danish Committee on Scientific Dishonesty 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):25-34
In 1992, The Danish Medical Research Council established a national committee on scientific dishonesty with the twofold task
of handling cases of scientific misconduct and taking preventive initiatives. Scientific dishonesty was proven in only five
cases, but in another nine cases lesser degrees of deviations from good scientific practice were found. The experiences from
a total of 24 treated cases indicated that three key areas were at the basis of most of the accusations and the deviations
from good practice: uncertainty about 1) authorship, about 2) rights and duties to use scientific data and about 3) agreements
at the initiation of joint studies. As a consequence guidelines on good practice have been issued on these key subjects.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct. An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998. 相似文献
9.
McConkie-Rosell A Finucane B Cronister A Abrams L Bennett RL Pettersen BJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(4):249-270
These recommendations describe the minimum standard criteria for genetic counseling and testing of individuals and families
with fragile X syndrome, as well as carriers and potential carriers of a fragile X mutation. The original guidelines (published
in 2000) have been revised, replacing a stratified pre- and full mutation model of fragile X syndrome with one based on a
continuum of gene effects across the full spectrum of FMR1 CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion. This document reviews the molecular
genetics of fragile X syndrome, clinical phenotype (including the spectrum of premature ovarian failure and fragile X-associated
tremor-ataxia syndrome), indications for genetic testing and interpretation of results, risks of transmission, family planning
options, psychosocial issues, and references for professional and patient resources. These recommendations are the opinions
of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors with expertise in fragile X syndrome genetic counseling, and they are
based on clinical experience, review of pertinent English language articles, and reports of expert committees. These recommendations
should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular
outcome. The professional judgment of a health care provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case,
will always supersede these recommendations. 相似文献
10.
Throughout the U.S., state laws require professionals who work with children to report cases of suspected child abuse to child protection services. Both practically and conceptually, however, significant problems arise from a lack of clarity regarding the threshold that has been set for reporting. Specifically, there is no consensus as to what constitutes reasonable suspicion, and little direction for how mandated reporters should gauge their legal and professional responsibilities when they harbor suspicion. In this paper we outline the context of the problem, discuss the nature and scope of its conceptual underpinnings, and offer recommendations for moving towards a concrete, practical solution. 相似文献