Fighting experiences and natural killer cell activity in male laboratory mice

There is currently much interest in the potential impact of psychological factors on immune responses. An attempt was made to assess the effects of dominant/subordinate polarity in male mice on the cytotoxic activities of their natural-killer (NK) cells. On the basis of repeated agonistic encounters, categories of subordinate and dominat animals were selected. These animals were compared with manipulated controls (introduced to a novel test cage without an opponent on each occasion) and undisturbed controls (who remained in isolation without manipulation). In terms of NK activity, immunosuppression was observed in both dominant and subordinate categories when compared to undisturbed controls. There were, however, no differences between the fighting exposed subjects and the manipulated controls, suggesting that stress accounts for any changes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

关于胚胎干细胞研究的一场伦理之争

关于“人兔细胞融合”的伦理之争,主要围绕“人兔细胞融合”实验是否违背伦理,要不要经过知情同意,以及科学技术与伦理道德的关系等问题而进行。这场讨论是正常的,健康的,有益的,倘能加以认真总结,将有助于推进学术争鸣。     

肾移植受者 BK 病毒感染的诊治进展

BK病毒（BK V ）是人类多瘤病毒的一个亚群,有很高的隐性感染率,研究显示全球超过80％的人口BK V血清学阳性。随着移植后强效免疫抑制剂的使用,BK V感染正成为移植肾失活的重要原因。据统计,约1％～10％的肾移植受者在免疫抑制状态下,可因BKV激活而引起BKV肾病（BKVN）,而BKVN可引起约45％的远期移植肾失活。由于目前缺乏明确有效的抗病毒药物,早期监测病毒载量、减少免疫抑制剂对控制BKVN、保留移植肾功能至关重要。本文就肾移植相关的BKV感染概况及BKVN的诊断、治疗进展进行综述。     

逆行性肾盂造影联合输尿管软镜在诊断小肾盏癌中的价值

探讨逆行性肾盂造影联合输尿管软镜在诊断小肾盏癌中的价值。回顾分析5例小肾盏癌临床资料,术后病理检查结果均提示尿路上皮癌I级（Ta-G1）,术后定期行膀胱内灌注化疗药物,且均未出现肿瘤其他部位转移等并发症发生。对5例患者均进行随访,1年期间每3个月行尿常规及B超检查均正常,1年生存率达100％。患者出现血尿症状,虽然常规检查（尿常规、B超、IVU、CT或MRI等）诊断不明确者,都可行逆行性肾盂造影检查。一旦逆行性肾盂造影检查提示异常图像,均可提示肾盏癌,使误诊率及漏诊率降至最低程度,尽可能阻断早期肿瘤的发展。故逆行性肾孟造影联合输尿管软镜可提高早期小肾盏癌的术前诊断率。     

应用分子靶向治疗的时机选择

分子靶向药物的出现显示出肿瘤治疗传统模式的重要进展。与传统放疗、化疗相比,分子靶向治疗因其特异性高、不良反应轻微,在恶性肿瘤个体化治疗中扮演重要角色。十五年来,分子靶向药物的出现,给肿瘤的治疗模式带来重大改变,也给临床医生带来新的挑战。准确把握分子靶向药物应用时机,获得最大临床效果,已成为肿瘤治疗领域关注热点。本文就非小细胞肺癌、消化系统肿瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌治疗中分子靶向药物如何选择应用时机进行阐述。     

CXCR4和CXCR7在甲状腺癌中的表达及病理意义

研究甲状腺癌组织中趋化因子4受体（CXCR4）和趋化因子7受体（CXCR7）的表达情况及临床病理意义。应用免疫组织化学PV-6000法及Westernblot法检测CXCR4与CXCR7在甲状腺癌中的表达。二者在甲状腺癌与甲状腺良性疾病组织的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在甲状腺癌中表达仅与淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）,CXCR4与CXCR7之间呈正相关。Westernblot结果提示二者在甲状腺癌中的表达率高于癌旁及甲状腺腺瘤。CXCR4和CXCR7的表达水平与淋巴结转移相关,可作为甲状腺癌预后的判断指标。     

非小细胞肺癌 EG FR 基因突变检测与临床意义

采用荧光PCR法对199例晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC ）组织进行表皮生长因子受体（EGFR ）基因突变检测,分析EGFR基因突变的分布特征及其与临床病理特征的相关性。结果显示56例（28．1％）存在EGFR基因突变,其中27例（13．6％）为外显子19突变,25例（12．6％）为外显子21突变,2例为外显子18突变,1例外显子20突变,1例外显子18和20的共突变。另外,除广东及安徽省铜陵市外,辽宁地区NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率及主要突变类型与其他地区相符,常见于外显子19、21突变,其中腺癌、不吸烟患者突变率更高,更适宜EGFR-TKI靶向治疗。     

我们应该“创造生命”吗？

人造细胞是现代生物科学技术中的热点问题之一,由人造细胞及其衍生出来人造生命的伦理问题也备受关注,关于是否应该继续研究人造生命,支持者和反对者之间各执其词。以克莱格·文特“创造人造细胞”事件为切入点,回顾了人造生命的历史,简要介绍人造细胞的产生过程,分析人造细胞的正面和负面影响;同时提出马克思主义哲学可以为医学伦理问题的研究提供不同的维度与角度,让人们对人造细胞产生的道德问题做出更全面的判断。     

Cell Phone-Related Near Accidents Among Young Drivers: Associations With Mindfulness

Cell phone use while driving (CPWD) has been shown to significantly reduce driver safety. This is a particular concern among young drivers who possess less driving experience and tend to engage in high rates of cell phone use. The present study identified psychological predictors of near accidents related to CPWD among a sample of 385 college student drivers. Participants answered a series of questions regarding their use of a cell phone while driving and completed measures of mindfulness, polychronicity, and intrusive thinking. Students who reported talking on their phone or texting more frequently while driving reported a higher incidence of near accidents related to each behavior. However, after controlling for CPWD, multiple regression analysis indicated that those who reported experiencing more cell phone-related intrusive thoughts also experienced more near accidents. Furthermore, two facets of mindfulness—acting with awareness and nonjudging of inner experience—were negatively associated with near accidents. These findings suggest that individuals who are more aware of the present moment and accepting of their affective responses may better regulate their attention while using a cell phone behind the wheel.