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排序方式: 共有185条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Takeru Miyajima Yo Nakawake Xianwei Meng Ryunosuke Sudo 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2023,26(4):419-430
Scientific evidence shows that institutional decisions can change individuals' private attitudes towards relevant issues. However, little is known about their effect on individuals' perceptions of social norms. This intriguing question has gained the attention of scholars. Nonetheless, the findings are primarily observed only in samples of the Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic countries, leading to doubts about their generalisability. This study experimentally tested residents' (N = 411) reactions to the new Tokyo ordinance prohibiting discrimination against sexual minorities enacted on October 5, 2018, and tested whether it dispelled self–other discrepancies regarding tolerance towards sexual minorities (i.e., pluralistic ignorance). The results showed that exposure to information about enactment increased future perceptions of support and understanding of sexual minorities. By contrast, private attitudes, perceptions of current social norms, and willingness to speak out did not change. Willingness to speak out was indirectly enhanced through increased perceptions of gaining future support. Furthermore, Tokyo residents overestimated other residents' negative attitudes towards sexual minorities. However, even when informed of the new ordinance, this self–other discrepancy in intolerance towards sexual minorities was not corrected. These findings suggest that institutional decisions can shape the perception of social norm change in the future beyond Western countries. 相似文献
2.
P. A. Lamal 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(4):705-706
The proposal of Friman, Hayes, and Wilson (1998) that the concept of emotion be incorporated into behavior analysis is questioned. Their proposal is undermined by the problem of the verification of private events by others. A focus on private events, as exemplified by the proposal of Friman et al., can lead to a reversion to notions of agency and the autonomous individual. Also, the anchoring of hypothetical constructs to the behavioral data language is ill advised. 相似文献
3.
Frank Dietrich 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2002,5(1):113-131
The article addresses the issue of rationing health care services, a topic currently being hotly debated in many countries. The author argues that the aspect of causal responsibility ought to play a decisive role in the allocation of limited medical resources. Starting out from Ronald Dworkin's distinction between option luck and brute luck, the appropriate and meaningful uses of the term causal responsibility are clarified first. A discussion of the conditions which might justify giving lower priority to patients whose illnesses are the result of unhealthy behavior, like e.g. alcohol abuse, follows. Causal responsibility is then viewed in the context of private health insurance and the club model of organ donation. It is argued that individuals themselves are basically responsible for their decisions regarding insurance coverage and membership in organ donors' clubs. Causal responsibility is shown to be a more suitable criterion for rationing scarce medical resources than other criteria which might alternatively be considered, such as patients' age. 相似文献
4.
Launis V 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(3):299-310
In the bioethical literature, discrimination in insurance on the basis of genetic risk factors detected by genetic testing
has been defended and opposed on various ethical grounds. One important argument in favour of the practice is offered by those
who believe that it is not possible to distinguish between genetic and non-genetic information, at least not for practical
policy purposes such as insurance decision-making. According to the argument from indistinguishability, the use of genetic
test information for insurance purposes should be permitted, because genetic test information is no different from non-genetic
medical information in any relevant respect, therefore it would be inconsistent to prohibit the former whilst permitting the
latter. This paper discusses and defends this argument and suggests a new, more tenable foundation. 相似文献
5.
Katarzyna Cantarero Piotr Szarota Eftychia Stamkou Marisol Navas Alejandra del Carmen Dominguez Espinosa 《The Journal of social psychology》2018,158(2):220-235
In this article we show that when analyzing attitude towards lying in a cross-cultural setting, both the beneficiary of the lie (self vs other) and the context (private life vs. professional domain) should be considered. In a study conducted in Estonia, Ireland, Mexico, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and Sweden (N = 1345), in which participants evaluated stories presenting various types of lies, we found usefulness of relying on the dimensions. Results showed that in the joint sample the most acceptable were other-oriented lies concerning private life, then other-oriented lies in the professional domain, followed by egoistic lies in the professional domain; and the least acceptance was shown for egoistic lies regarding one’s private life. We found a negative correlation between acceptance of a behavior and the evaluation of its deceitfulness. 相似文献
6.
Tiziana Lanciano Antonietta Curci Grazia Matera Giuseppe Sartori 《Memory (Hove, England)》2018,26(8):1053-1064
What do we remember following an emotionally charged event? The assessment of memory characteristics for an emotional event represents one of the most challenging issues in the domain of autobiographical memory. Literature of flashbulb memories (FBMs) provides a crucial contribution on this issue: Following an emotional and unexpected public event, people remember not only central details of the episode, but also irrelevant, peripheral and idiosyncratic details of the reception context in which they learned of the news. The present study was set up to assess the factorial structure (samples 1 and 2) and convergent validity (sample 2) of an FBM checklist, an instrument designed to measure Flashbulb-like features of memories for emotional private events. Factorial analyses account for an oblique two-factor solution – FBM Specificity and Confidence – while correlational analyses support the convergent validity of this instrument. Practical implications are discussed, especially for the credibility assessment of witnesses of emotional events in forensic settings. 相似文献
7.
本研究探讨了自尊与网络过激行为的关系,以391名大学生为被试,采用问卷法考察了社交焦虑在自尊与网络过激行为关系中的中介作用,以及该过程是否受到公我意识、私我意识水平的调节。结果发现:(1)在控制了性别、年龄后,自尊对网络过激行为具有负向预测作用;(2)社交焦虑在自尊和网络过激行为间起部分中介作用;(3)公我意识调节自尊对网络过激行为的直接作用。相对于公我意识水平高的大学生,直接效应对公我意识水平低的大学生更显著;(4)自尊对社交焦虑的作用还受到个体私我意识的调节,相对于私我意识水平低的大学生,间接效应对于私我意识水平高的大学生更显著。 相似文献
8.
本研究通过调查分析终末期肾病患者对当前单病种付费方式的满意度及影响因素,为医疗保险支付方式改革提供政策依据.研究采用典型抽样方法,对某市四家三级甲等医院257名透析治疗参保患者进行现场自填式问卷调查,调查结果显示,调查人员对终末期肾病单病种付费方式总体满意度为97.3%,对特约医疗机构的满意度高于对医疗保险政策的满意度.患者满意度的主要影响因素有治疗方式、文化程度和家庭收入.医疗保险部门应关注单病种付费政策的结算范围,增加医疗困难救助,加强对医护人员医疗保险政策的宣传,提高患者满意度. 相似文献
9.
Cyril J. Sadowski 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(4):451-454
The 18-item short Need for Cognition Scale (NCS; Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984) was administered to 708 female and 510 male undergraduates. Consistent with the findings of Cacioppo et al., a principal components analysis indicated one dominant factor. The findings also suggest that the short NCS is relatively gender neutral in this homogeneous population. 相似文献
10.
David M. Bergman 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2013,91(1):61-67
The state and federal governments, along with private industry, play an important role in the development of a health profession. State governments establish training standards through licensure laws, and state programs dictate employment and payment opportunities. The federal government unifies a profession through recognition in national health care programs. Private industry provides public access through private health insurance. The counseling profession has spent decades opening these federal, state, and private programs to become an established health profession. 相似文献