卫生经济学视野中的医患合谋

从分析医患合谋道德风险的影响因素入手,结合卫生经济学的供给曲线和需求曲线探讨产生医患合谋道德风险的原因和规避策略.发现医疗保险的供给方(保险机构)、医疗服务的提供方(医疗服务机构)和医疗保险的被保险方(医疗保险的消费者,即接受医疗服务的消费者或患者)三者之间信息不对称是导致道德风险的重要因素,保险基金风险更多是来自医疗服务提供方的道德风险.建议从建立信息公开制度,加强监督;加强激励,遏制道德风险;运用技术,规范行为三方面规范医疗服务提供方的行为.     

Anatomy of forest-related corruption in Tanzania: theoretical perspectives,empirical explanations,and policy implications

The majority of studies on natural resources management in both developed and developing countries are silent on the issue of analysis of corruption – or they treat it tangentially, as an annoying anomaly, or simply deviance from the rules. As a result, the issue has hardly been subjected to in-depth characterisation or reforms. This study employed and integrated mainstream principal-agent theory and more recently developed collective action theory to enhance our understanding – in different but complementary ways ? of the socio-political underpinnings of corruption. A supposed ‘best case’ participatory forest management scheme in Tanzania reveals significant forest-related corrupt undertakings, which led to forest encroachment in the form of charcoal and timber exploitation. The findings point to contextual grounds for corruption, namely: undermined assumptions of the mainstream principal-agent institutions; the presence of alternative informal principal-agent institutions; the presence of immediate and substantial benefits that flow to such alternative institutions; and the huge market demands for their forest products and services. Through such a nuanced approach that blends the two above-mentioned theories in meaningful ways, more appropriate options for policy formulation and implementation are proposed.     

医疗行业中的过度治疗行为的经济学分析

在医疗行业中,过度治疗行为的现象比较普遍.从博弈论与信息经济学的角度,对这种现象进行了较为详细的分析,并提出了相应的对策,以促使医疗行业和人民的健康水平都得到发展.