The relationship between the Five‐Factor Model personality traits and peptic ulcer disease in a large population‐based adult sample

The current study examined the relationship between the Five‐Factor Model personality traits and physician‐confirmed peptic ulcer disease (PUD) diagnosis in a large population‐based adult sample, controlling for the relevant behavioral and sociodemographic factors. Personality traits were assessed by participants themselves and by knowledgeable informants using the NEO Personality Inventory‐3 (NEO PI‐3). When controlling for age, sex, education, and cigarette smoking, only one of the five NEO PI‐3 domain scales – higher Neuroticism – and two facet scales – lower A1: Trust and higher C1: Competence – made a small, yet significant contribution (p < 0.01) to predicting PUD in logistic regression analyses. In the light of these relatively modest associations, our findings imply that it is certain behavior (such as smoking) and sociodemographic variables (such as age, gender, and education) rather than personality traits that are associated with the diagnosis of PUD at a particular point in time. Further prospective studies with a longitudinal design and multiple assessments would be needed to fully understand if the FFM personality traits serve as risk factors for the development of PUD.     

消化性溃疡的临床流行病学

消化性溃疡是消化系统常见多发病,20世纪在此领域有两个重要的发现,即有效的抑酸药质子泵抑制剂和幽门螺杆菌的发现,对其过去几十年的发病率和死亡率产生了巨大影响。尽管有了重大进展,这种疾病仍然是当前一个重要的临床问题,主要是因为越来越多的广泛使用非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)和低剂量阿司匹林药物。本文从流行病学角度来纵观其近年来的发病情况及其特点,以提供给同道参考。     

Impulsivity as a predictor of newly-diagnosed peptic ulcer disease: A prospective cohort study

We examined the role of impulsivity in the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The subjects were initially healthy 4636 hospital employees aged 19–62 who responded to a questionnaire on personality, health habits, mental health, and PUD in 1998 and 2000. We used multivariate logistic analyses to determine the relationship between impulsivity and newly-diagnosed PUD among those employees who did not have PUD at baseline. Impulsivity was assessed with the Karolinska Scale of Personality. High level of impulsivity was associated with increased 2-year incidence of doctor-diagnosed PUD after adjustment of age, gender, education and shift work (odds ratio = 2.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–4.82). Additional adjustment for the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, minor psychiatric morbidity and diagnosed depression and other psychiatric disease had little effect on this relationship. The present study suggests that impulsivity may be a risk factor for the development of PUD.     

非传统理念指导下的传统技术导致应用医学重大课题的突破--关于2005年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

发现幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,以下简称Hp)导致慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡,是沃伦和马歇尔获得2005年诺贝尔医学奖的原因.他们在1982年得出的这一假说,违反了关于这一类慢性病传统的发病机制理念.可能因为这一理念的反传统性,其假说被世界同行基本接受大概经历了20年时间.值得强调的是,对HP的观察、分离、培养、鉴定和人体试验,以及它与疾病相关的诊断、治疗、临床流行病学等研究,应用的都是传统的医学技术.从而表明,即使到了20世纪80年代,传统技术仍能导致诺贝尔奖级科研成果的出现.     

消化性溃疡的治疗进展及述评

消化性溃疡的发生主要与胃十二指肠黏膜的损害因素和黏膜自身防御-修复因素之间失平衡有关。其中胃酸分泌异常、幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染和非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)是引起消化性溃疡的最常见病因。质子泵抑制剂(PPI)是抑酸治疗的基础。新一类抑酸药物有钾离子竞争性酸阻滞剂(potassium-competitive acid blockers,P-CABs)。正在进行的初期临床试验证明其起效更快,抑酸作用持续时间更长。国际上近年来发布或更新了多个幽门螺杆菌相关指南或共识,推荐的一线治疗方案是以PPI为基础的三联治疗(PPI+阿莫西林+克拉霉素),疗程7d~14d。序贯疗法(sequential therapy)治疗幽门螺杆菌感染具有疗效高、耐受性和依从性好等优点,值得尝试。PPI是防治NSAID溃疡的首选药物。     

消化性溃疡中医治疗的思路与方法

消化性溃疡的中医病机为本虚标实,虚、瘀、毒为其最基本的病理特点,治疗应抓住虚、瘀、毒的病理实质,采取健脾和胃补虚、活血通络止痛、解毒导滞和胃的治疗方法,并结合脾胃脏腑的功能特点,灵活运用调达肝木、升清降逆之法以调畅脾胃的功能,从而达到治愈消化性溃疡的目的。     

溃疡微环境稳态失衡与糖尿病足

糖尿病足是糖尿病常见并发症之一,是一个临床难治病,其病机复杂,病情缠绵难愈。基于以往认识基础上,本文侧重于对糖尿病足溃疡局部病理特点作一回顾性分析,了解溃疡局部因素在糖尿病足形成和发展中的作用。可能在理论上对既往认识糖尿病足血管病变、神经病变和感染三大影响因素基础上作一定延伸。由此引入的新疗法可能成为现行治疗糖尿病足必要的补充。     

严重烧伤后应激性溃疡的发病机制及防治策略

在事物发展的过程中,主要矛盾处于支配地位、对事物发展起决定作用,次要矛盾处于从属地位、对事物发展起次要作用.烧伤后应激性溃疡的发病机制如:神经-内分泌失调、胃黏膜屏障功能减弱、感染和心理应激等,以及防治方法,如:抗休克治疗、积极处理创面,改善胃黏膜缺血,早期肠内营养和防治感染等是这一原理的具体体现.     

消化性溃疡研究的若干进展

消化性溃疡是世界性人类消化系统中常见病之一。随着人们对本病广泛而深入的研究,在基础和临床方面都取得突破性进展。在消化性溃疡发病机制中,由于H.Pylori的发现,使这古老的疾病,赋予了现代的概念,并使得消化性溃疡的治疗发生了重大的变革。目前已有多种H2-RA、PPI类药物治疗消化性溃疡,但其高复发率仍待解决。为提高溃疡愈合质量(Quality of ulcer healing),黏膜保护剂的研发和应用方兴未艾。从分子机制探讨消化性溃疡的病因,人们已发现一些与之相关的基因。相信基因疗法将为治疗消化性溃疡带来飞跃性的发展,应用相关基因编码产物,有望从根本上治愈消化性溃疡。     

消化性溃疡的外科治疗

消化性溃疡(PUD)是世界范围内的一个重要公共健康问题,近年来认识到幽门螺杆菌和非甾体抗炎药的致病作用。在临床使用H2组胺受体拮抗剂和质子泵抑制剂后,手术治疗已常用。但PUD的并发症仍较高,约在10%～20%。故外科治疗仍保留使用。外科治疗PUD的指征有出血、穿孔、胃出口梗阻、难治性PUD和恶变危险等。外科治疗PUD的目的是使溃疡愈合、治疗并发症、治疗各种病因和减少术后后遗症。外科治疗PUD的主要术式有迷走神经切除术、近胃迷走神经切除术、胃引流术、胃窦部切除术后胃部分切除术等。