Type D personality,but not Type A behavior pattern,is associated with coronary plaque vulnerability

Personality traits are associated with major adverse coronary events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the link between personality traits and intravascular morphology in CAD patients is poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between personality traits, specifically Type A behavior pattern and Type D personality, and plaque vulnerability. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, multivariable regression analysis showed no association between Type A and optical coherence tomography indices. However, Type D personality was independently associated with lipid plaque, thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), and fibrous cap thickness. More specifically, negative affectivity of Type D was related to lipid plaque, TCFA and fibrous cap thickness, and social inhibition was associated with plaque rupture. Our results show that Type D personality was associated with plaque vulnerability, independent of clinical factors. Measurement of negative affectivity and social inhibition will increase our understanding of the progressive phase of the plaque vulnerability, which can contribute to the early identification of high risk patients and reduce the incidence of MACE.     

心理负荷的评估:基于神经人因学的视角

心理负荷的评估正经历着从传统工效学向神经人因学的变革.EEG、ERPs、fMRI、fNIRS和TCD等神经科学研究技术为这场变革提供了有力的工具.研究发现:在单任务情境下,随着操作者心理负荷的增加,脑电α波活动减弱,θ波活动增强,并且前额皮层血流、左侧额下回血液氧合血红蛋白浓度变化均增加,大脑动脉血流速度也增快;在双任务情境下,随着操作者主任务心理负荷的增加,次任务的N1、新异P3和P3b等ERPs成分波幅降低.依据这些研究成果,学者们利用人工神经网络、支持向量机等模式分类算法实现了对心理负荷的实时在线评估.但是,各种研究技术在敏感性、诊断力、主任务干扰、实施需求、可接受性和信度等方面各有优势与不足.在未来研究中,要注意促进相关技术的融合、提高其可接受性,并充分利用模式识别算法提高其诊断力和敏感性.     

动、静态视觉信息在真实世界视觉搜索中的作用

真实环境中的视觉搜索是人和动物赖以生存的重要能力。目前的视觉搜索研究多使用静态的观察者和静止的二维搜索对象, 侧重于探究注意在搜索中的作用; 现有的视觉搜索理论模型主要概括了影响搜索的自上而下的注意因素, 而将自下而上影响因素简单归结为影像显著性, 然而在真实环境中, 观察者或搜索对象是可以运动的, 搜索时可利用的视觉信息包括动态光流和静态影像结构信息。已有的视觉识别研究发现这两种信息相结合可以使观察者准确持久地识别场景、事件和三维结构。在现有视觉搜索理论模型中引入两种视觉信息可以较好还原真实环境中的搜索任务。我们提出研究构想和实验方案,探究利用动、静态视觉信息的视觉搜索过程, 从而完善现有的视觉搜索模型。我们认为充分利用环境信息可以提高搜索效率, 且在视觉搜索训练和智能搜索设计等方面有重要的应用价值。     

视觉工作记忆中注意模板的表征—来自EROS的证据

采用事件相关光信号技术,分析再认任务和搜索任务下脑区的动态激活,探讨视觉工作记忆中注意模板的表征机制。实验要求被试在记忆项目后,分别完成再认任务和搜索任务。结果发现,与再认任务相比,视觉搜索任务下记忆项诱发前额叶、枕叶更高程度的激活,且前额叶的激活增强早于枕叶。研究表明,与用于再认任务的普通记忆项相比,用于视觉搜索任务的注意模板的潜在表征机制可能是：先激活前额叶以增强注意控制,并对枕叶的活动加以调节,增强注意模板表征的复述。     

Optical characterization of spin-coated cobalt porphyrazine thin films: effect of annealing temperature

Cobalt porphyrazine thin films were prepared by the spin-coating technique. The coated substrates were annealed at different temperatures (373, 423 and 523 K). The optical properties of the films were investigated by measuring the transmittance and reflectance spectra. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical band gap, dielectric constant values and thickness of the films were determined. Results showed that the refractive index, the extinction coefficient and the dielectric constants increased on annealing the films at 373 K in comparison with films annealed at other temperatures. On the other hand, the values of the band gap energy and thickness of the annealed film at 373 K were found to be the lowest in comparison with films annealed at different temperatures.     

A study of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters for Cr5+ at the rhombically-distorted tetrahedral P5+ site of Ca2PO4Cl crystal using a two-mechanism model

The complete high-order perturbation formulae of spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g factors g_i and hyperfine structure constants A_i , where i = x, y, z) containing contributions from both the crystal-field (CF) and charge-transfer (CT) mechanisms (the latter mechanism is neglected in the widely-used CF theory) are established for d¹ ions in rhombic tetrahedra. From these formulae, the SH parameters of Cr⁵⁺ ion at the rhombically-distorted tetrahedral P⁵⁺ site of Ca₂PO₄Cl crystal are calculated. The CF and CT energy levels used in the calculation are obtained from the optical spectra of the studied Ca₂PO₄Cl : Cr⁵⁺ crystal. The calculated results showed reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The signs of the hyperfine structure constants A_i and the relative importance of the CT mechanism to SH parameters are acquired from the calculations.     

Shear vibration of a crystal plate carrying an array of microbeams

We study shear vibration of a rotated Y-cut quartz crystal plate carrying an array of microbeams with their bottoms fixed to the top surface of the plate. The beams undergo flexural vibrations when the plate is in shear motion. The plate is modeled by the theory of anisotropic elasticity. The beams are modeled by the Euler–Bernoulli theory for beam bending. A frequency equation that determines the resonant frequencies of the structure is derived. An analytical solution on beam-induced frequency shift is obtained using a perturbation procedure. It is shown that the frequency shift may be used to measure geometric/physical properties of the beam array. A vibrating crystal plate carrying a beam array may also be considered for application as an ultrasonic brush.     

Characterization of Al/n-ZnO/p-Si/Al structure with low-cost solution-grown ZnO layer

We report the fabrication of Al/n-ZnO/p-Si/Al diode structures with a flower-like ZnO layer. The average grain size, microstrain and dislocation density in the ZnO layer were determined as 25?nm, 1.55?×?10^?3 and 3.23?×?10¹³?cm^?2, respectively. From absorption spectra, the optical band gap was found to be ～3.17?eV. A red shift was attributed to non-stoichiometry arising from Zn⁺² ions substituting for oxygen vacancies. The ideality factor was determined as 1.55. The barrier height was calculated as 0.71?eV from I–V characteristics and 0.73?eV using the Norde plots.     

Visibility pattern of Bose–Fermi mixtures in one-dimensional incommensurate lattices

Abstract

We performed numerical simulations to demonstrate localization phenomena of Bose–Fermi mixture systems on incommensurate optical lattices by changing Bose–Bose and Bose–Fermi interactions. Visibility patterns of the bosons were measured to observe bosonic coherence in various selections of the interaction parameters. We found that the coherence was enhanced with repulsive Bose–Fermi interactions. It was also enhanced with attractive Bose–Fermi interactions but only in certain conditions. The enhancement by repulsive interactions and that by attractive interactions occurred with different mechanisms.     

Modification of the optical band gap of polyethylene by irradiation with electrons and gamma rays

Irradiation of polymers has become an important technique in producing special materials for electronic applications. In this study, the effects of electron and gamma irradiation on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) samples have been studied using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The UHMWPE samples were irradiated with electron and gamma rays with doses ranging from 25 kGy up to 500 kGy. An increase in the optical absorption and a shifting from the UV–Vis towards longer wavelengths were observed. Concomitantly, a pronounced decrease in the optical band gap was recorded as a function of dose level. The optical band gap E _g varied from 2.86 eV for a pristine sample down to ～1.98 eV and ～2 eV for samples irradiated with gamma rays and electrons at the highest doses, respectively. A correlation between E _g and the number of carbon atoms N in a formed cluster is discussed in terms of a modified Tauc equation.