不同干预方法对应激时身心状态的影响

选取72名被试,随机分配到对照组、腹式呼吸组和忽视调节组中。采用重复一个因素的三因素混合实验设计,测量被试基线期、干预期、应激期、恢复期的指温、收缩压和应激前后的主观感受,探讨不同干预方法对应激的干预效果。结果表明,腹式呼吸能够降低男生的心血管反应,忽视调节能够降低女生的主观体验,同时也表明,个体生理反应升高并不必然伴随主观体验的升高。     

Diaphragmatic breathing as treatment for escape‐maintained aggression

Coping skills, such as diaphragmatic breathing, are commonly recommended to help individuals work through challenging situations. We evaluated diaphragmatic breathing as treatment for aggression of three individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder or Angelman syndrome. Functional analysis results demonstrated that each participant engaged in aggression maintained by social‐negative reinforcement. Diaphragmatic breathing treatment without extinction was conducted in a work context and involved prompting diaphragmatic breathing contingent on precursors to aggression; treatment was effective in reducing the rate of aggression for one of three participants. For the two other participants, other reinforcement‐based interventions (differential reinforcement of other behavior or functional communication training with extinction) were necessary to decrease aggression.     

Sleep apnea syndrome: Symptomatology,associated features,and neurocognitive correlates

This article reviews the essential features, types, prevalence, pathophysiology, and neuropsychological correlates associated with the sleep apnea syndrome. Persons who experience the intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep characteristic of the sleep apnea syndrome tend to exhibit moderate symptoms of diffuse cognitive dysfunction as well as multiple emotional and psychosocial sequela. It is concluded that more research is required in order to elucidate the relationship between the hypoxic parameters and neurocognitive deficits seen in the sleep apnea syndrome, and that neuropsychological assessment might represent a means whereby the effectiveness of various treatments for sleep apnea may be evaluated.     

A better state-of-mind: deep breathing reduces state anxiety and enhances test performance through regulating test cognitions in children

A pre-test/post-test, intervention-versus-control experimental design was used to examine the effects, mechanisms and moderators of deep breathing on state anxiety and test performance in 122 Primary 5 students. Taking deep breaths before a timed math test significantly reduced self-reported feelings of anxiety and improved test performance. There was a statistical trend towards greater effectiveness in reducing state anxiety for boys compared to girls, and in enhancing test performance for students with higher autonomic reactivity in test-like situations. The latter moderation was significant when comparing high-versus-low autonomic reactivity groups. Mediation analyses suggest that deep breathing reduces state anxiety in test-like situations, creating a better state-of-mind by enhancing the regulation of adaptive-maladaptive thoughts during the test, allowing for better performance. The quick and simple technique can be easily learnt and effectively applied by most children to immediately alleviate some of the adverse effects of test anxiety on psychological well-being and academic performance.     

节拍化疗——转移性乳腺癌治疗的新选择

肿瘤新生血管生成在肿瘤生长、转移等过程中起着重要作用,抗肿瘤血管治疗被认为是一种很有前途的肿瘤靶向治疗。化疗药物如环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤等在长期、低剂量非常规给药方式（节拍化疗）下具有显著的抗肿瘤血管生成能力。节拍化疗有望成为转移性乳腺癌一种全新的治疗模式。     

由空气传递的声音刺激对胎儿呼吸及胎动的影响

采用回顾性研究方法考察了由空气传递的声音刺激对未足月与足月胎儿的呼吸性运动与胎动的影响.结果发现,胎儿通过呼吸运动的变化(如呼吸运动加速、减缓、停止/停顿等)及胎动来对外界刺激作出反应;而且这种反应在不同胎龄的胎儿间有显著的不同胎龄大的或足月的胎儿在有声音刺激条件下的呼吸运动变化比胎龄小的更多.