选择性注意中的客体与空间因素

注意选择理论可以分为空间选择和客体选择两大模型,文章首先介绍了这两类模型的观点,概述了客体选择和空间因素的关系与区别,也介绍了包括距离操纵和线索启动在内的客体选择和空间选择分离技术及其理论逻辑。     

认知控制对基于位置和颜色返回抑制的影响

采用带颜色的字母为靶刺激.通过操纵被试任务.考察辨别任务中认知控制对基于位置和颜色IoR的影响.结果发现:要求被试辨别带颜色的字母,没有出现基于颜色的IoR;要求被试辨别颜色.出现了基于颜色的IoR.说明.自上而下的认知控制是基于颜色IoR产生的关键因素之一.其内在机制可用抑制模型和注意资源分配理论从不同角度解释.同时,两种任务均未要求被试辨别靶刺激的位置,却都出现了基于位置的IoR,验证了Russell"注意可能存在对位置信息自动加工"的假说.     

基于空间和基于物体的选择注意在信号检测中的作用

先前的研究认为基于空间和基于物体的注意选择都是存在的,但是很少有研究探讨这两者的关系,即两者是存在交互作用还是单独作用的。因此本研究采用Egly等修正的线索提示实验范式,探讨基于物体和基于空间的注意选择机制在信号检测任务中的关系。实验采用2(两种物体)×2(两种空间)×3(有效线索、物体内无效线索和物体间无效线索)的被试内设计。16名大学生被试参加实验。结果表明:(1)对有效线索的反应快于无效线索,且物体内无效线索快于物体间无效线索;(2)在不同材料之间,两类无效线索反应时之差存在显著差异;(3)空间因素和物体因素的作用是独立的。结论提示:基于空间和基于物体的选择性注意都是存在的,且两者独立作用于注意的选择过程。     

Effect of spatial inhibition on saccade trajectory depends on location-based mechanisms

Abstract:  Saccade trajectory often curves away from a previously attended, inhibited location. A recent study of curved saccades showed that an inhibitory effect prevents ineffective reexamination during serial visual search. The time course of this effect differs from that of a similar inhibitory effect, known as inhibition of return (IOR). In the present study, we examined whether this saccade-related inhibitory effect can operate in an object-based manner (similar to IOR). Using a spatial cueing paradigm, we demonstrated that if a cue is presented on a placeholder that is then shifted from its original location, the saccade trajectory curves away from the original (cued) location (Experiment 1), yet the IOR effect is observed on the cued placeholder (Experiment 2). The inhibitory mechanism that causes curved saccades appears to operate in a location-based manner, whereas the mechanism underlying IOR appears to operate in an object-based manner. We propose that these inhibitory mechanisms work in a complementary fashion to guide eye movements efficiently under conditions of a dynamic visual environment.