抗心肌缺血损伤潜在治疗新靶点——线粒体

缺血预处理可减轻缺血对心肌造成的损伤,提高病人的生存能力。近年来的研究发现,缺血预处理最终通过位于心肌线粒体内膜上的几种蛋白通道发挥作用。因此,研究可调控这些重要通道功能的特异药物,对于预防和治疗缺血性心肌病具有重要的临床意义。线粒体将会成为一个有潜力的重要的治疗缺血性心脏病的新的药物作用靶点。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对心脏瓣膜置换术患者NF-κB表达的影响

为研究盐酸戊乙奎醚对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌NF-κB转录活性的影响,选取择期瓣膜置换术患者60例,随机分为对照组（C）、盐酸戊乙奎醚组1（P1）、盐酸戊乙奎醚组2（P2）,每组20例。结果心肌缺血再灌注后,P1、P2组NF-κB的转录活性明显下降,可见盐酸戊乙奎醚可以抑制心肌NF-κB的激活,在一定程度上具有心肌保护作用。     

关于监测深低温停循环主动脉手术期间脊髓缺血性损伤的思考

脊髓缺血再灌注损伤（spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury,SCIRI）是深低温停循环（deep hypothermic circulatoryarrest,DHCA）主动脉手术期间一种致命性的并发症,它对患者和其家属及医务人员带来严重的身心危害。在DHCA主动脉手术期间早期监测...     

Attention and executive functioning profiles in children following perinatal arterial ischemic stroke

Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) is a form of childhood stroke; the majority of those affected experience neurologic sequelae, including motor, language and neurocognitive impairments. This study examines the attention and executive functioning (EF) profiles of children following PAIS, as well as the impact of age and sex. In this single-center cross-sectional study, 40 children aged 3 to 16 years (median age 7.2 years; 58% male) who have suffered a PAIS underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess attention and EF. Parents completed behavioral questionnaires regarding real-world functioning. Composite scores were calculated for seven attention and EF domains (Attention, Working Memory, Verbal Retrieval, Inhibitory Control, Flexibility/Shifting, Planning/Organization, and Processing Speed). The results for all measured domains of attention and EF are significantly lower in the participants compared to the normative samples (p < .001), with the exception of Working Memory. However, increasing difficulty with Working Memory is associated with developing age. Older age at time of testing is also associated with a higher incidence of clinically-elevated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Sex is not associated with performance measures or parental report of functioning. The participants demonstrate mild-to-moderate attention and EF impairment compared to the normative population. Clinicians, families, and educators should be informed about the neurocognitive sequelae of PAIS and the need for close developmental surveillance in this population to identify vulnerable children and initiate appropriate therapeutic interventions in a timely fashion.     

预防性应用盐酸氟桂利嗪对高血糖SD大鼠局部脑缺血再灌注模型bcl-2表达的影响

探讨预防性应用盐酸氟桂利嗪对高血糖Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠局部脑缺血再灌注后bcl-2表达的影响,采用高血糖条件下SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,36只雄性健康SD大鼠,建立高血糖模型后随机分为2组:高血糖组(n=18)、盐酸氟桂利嗪+高血糖组(简称氟桂利嗪组n=18),各组按脑缺血90min再灌注3h(n=6)、6h(n=6)、24h(n=6)分为3个亚组。应用免疫组织化学方法观察bcl-2的表达。结果氟桂利嗪组bcl-2于再灌注3h可见阳性表达,再灌注6h达高峰,至24h逐渐下降,各时间点之间比较差异显著,P0.01。氟桂利嗪组与高血糖组各再灌注时间点比较,缺血区bcl-2表达增加,差异显著,各时间点均为P0.01。证实预防性应用盐酸氟桂利嗪能使损伤脑区bcl-2表达上调,减轻高血糖条件下的局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

骨搬移重建微循环的哲学启示

自前苏联Ilizarov医生发现慢性牵拉后组织再生的“张力 应力法则”至今,骨外固定系统已逐渐完善并形成了一种全新的骨科治疗体系.骨搬移技术对物质发展的根本规律、生物学的基础研究、自然重建理念的形成、多种外科疾病的诊治思路和诊疗方法皆产生了重要影响.本文从医学与哲学的角度,论述了骨搬移技术的发展、对牵拉区域微循环的重建及其中包含的哲学思想,为骨搬移技术治疗骨科及血管外科系统疾病提供了医学与哲学上的思路和方法.     

舒芬太尼和七氟烷不同剂量组合对创伤患者心肌损伤的协同保护作用

创伤失血性休克患者在接受液体复苏和输血治疗时,由于再灌注可导致心肌和心脏功能进一步受损.在再灌注前应积极采取临床措施以保护心脏.阿片类药物和吸入麻醉药物后处理对创伤失血性休克患者心肌缺血-再灌注损伤具有良好的保护作用.此研究中,笔者将不同剂量的舒芬太尼和七氟烷联合应用,通过对患者心肌酶检测相比较,发现两种药物组对后处理是否对失血性休克患者心肌缺血-再灌注损伤具有协同保护作用.     

孤立性心肌桥-壁冠状动脉患者的多层螺旋CT及临床分析

试图分析孤立性心肌桥-壁冠状动脉（MB—MCA）病变患者的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）的影像学特点与临床表现之间的内在联系。回顾性收集自2003年1月至2007年3月,在我院住院并行MSCT,保存有清楚影像学资料,临床排除有其他心脏病合并症的MB—MCA患者,共53例,发现MB—MCA病变65处。平均年龄（57．3±12．6）岁,其中男性27例,LAD病变59例。MCA长度（20．8±11．2）mm,MB厚度（2．0±1．6）mm。58．5％的患者有心电图改变,大部分为女性,有胸部不适症状者占90．6％。单纯应用非二氢吡啶类钙离子拮抗剂者15例,治疗有效率达到73．3％（11例）,单纯应用β受体阻滞剂者12例,症状缓解率达到66．7％（9例）。单纯应用硝酸酯类药物者16例,仅有2倒（12．5％）缓解。MB—MCA可能导致心肌缺血和临床症状,可进行干预性治疗;对硝酸酯类药物不能缓解的胸痛患者要想到MB—MCA可能,有条件者应该进行MSCT等影像学检查,诊断明确的可以试用β受体阻滞剂及非二氧吡啶娄拮抗剂．     

Psychosocial Variables as Predictors of Psychological Stress–Induced Ischemia in the Laboratory

This study examined ischemic reactivity to a psychological stress protocol and whether psychological variables could reliably classify individuals as ischemic reactors. Participants were 54 male Veterans Administration patients who had or were suspected of having CAD. Psychological inventories were administered prior to a psychological stress protocol consisting of a surgical video, the Stroop Color–Word task, an arithmetic task, and discussion of a stressful event. Cardiac functioning was evaluated using an ECG Holter monitor and 23.53% of participants were classified as reactors. Mean differences between reactors and nonreactors were found for State Anger, Health Locus of Control—Powerful Others (MHLC-PO), and Depression. State Anger and MHLC-PO emerged as significant predictors of reactor status in logistic regression analyses. Models based on individual scale items suggested three items could be used to achieve higher classification rates. Implications for revising screening procedures for determining risk and possible mechanisms underlying psychological stress–induced ischemia are discussed.     

大鼠脑反复缺血致不可逆性学习记忆障碍的研究

大鼠全脑反复缺血后产生不可逆性学习记忆障碍的研究,采用４血管阻断的方法,脑反复缺血再灌流,然后长期饲养。作水迷宫试验和跳台试验,结果显示缺血后出现了显著的、不可逆的学习记忆障碍。同时用放射免疫方法测定了额叶、颞叶、纹状体、丘脑、海马、Ｍｅｙｎｅｒｔ氏核中胆碱递质和ＡＶＰ,发现ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ、ＡＶＰ含量显著下降。下降的时间、幅度一致,变化呈正相关。ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ、ＡＶＰ是与学习、记忆密切相关的神经递质和神经肽。因而推断脑缺血后出现不可逆性学习记忆障碍与多脑区内ＡＣｈ、ＣｈＡＴ、ＡＶＰ含量显著下降有关。这对探讨临床上血管性痴呆发病机理进而开发有效的防治药物有重要意义。