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Paraskevi Engarhos Azadeh Shohoudi Angela Crossman Victoria Talwar 《Developmental science》2020,23(1)
The current study examined the influence of observing another's lie‐ or truth‐telling – and its consequences – on children's own honesty about a transgression. Children (N = 224, 5–8 years of age) observed an experimenter (E) tell the truth or lie about a minor transgression in one of five conditions: (a) Truth‐Positive Outcome – E told the truth with a positive outcome; (b) Truth‐Negative Outcome – E told the truth with a negative outcome; (c) Lie‐Positive Outcome – E lied with a positive outcome; (d) Lie‐Negative Outcome – E lied with a negative outcome; (e) Control – E did not tell a lie or tell the truth. Later, to examine children's truth‐ or lie‐telling behavior, children participated in a temptation resistance paradigm where they were told not to peek at a trivia question answer. They either peeked or not, and subsequently lied or told the truth about that behavior. Additionally, children were asked to give moral evaluations of different truth‐ and lie‐telling vignettes. Overall, 85% of children lied. Children were less likely to lie about their own transgression in the TRP when they had previously witnessed the experimenter tell the truth with a positive outcome or tell a lie with a negative outcome. 相似文献
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James E. Wanek 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》1999,7(4):183-195
This selective review of integrity and honesty testing addresses two primary questions: ‘What do we know about honesty testing?’ and ‘How do we use what we know?’ Up-to-date information about test reliability, validity, and construct definition from recent reviews of the research literature in the USA is presented and interpreted. Relationships to other selection devices and personality measures are discussed, as well as how integrity tests fit into a multiple assessment selection system. 相似文献
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Mark Alfano 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2013,21(4):767-790
It has been argued with some justice by commentators from Walter Kaufmann to Thomas Hurka that Nietzsche's positive ethical position is best understood as a variety of virtue theory – in particular, as a brand of perfectionism. For Nietzsche, value flows from character. Less attention has been paid, however, to the details of the virtues he identifies for himself and his type. This neglect, along with Nietzsche's frequent irony and non-standard usage, has obscured the fact that almost all the virtues he praises are intellectual rather than moral. The vices he most despises include dogmatism, intellectual partisanship, faith, boredom, the desire for certainty and pity. The virtues he most appreciates include curiosity, honesty, scepticism, creativity, the historical sense, intellectual courage and intellectual fastidiousness. These tables of values place Nietzsche squarely among so-called responsibilist virtue epistemologists, such as Lorraine Code and Linda Zagzebski, who emphasize that knowledge is infused with desire and affect. I argue that curiosity construed as the specification of the will to power in the domain of epistemology is the cardinal Nietzschean virtue, and that the others – especially intellectual courage and honesty – are presupposed by curiosity. Thus, Nietzsche turns out to accept his own peculiar brand of the thesis of the unity of virtue. 相似文献
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《Sport, Ethics and Philosophy》2013,7(2):227-236
AbstractThe term ‘sporting integrity’ is widely used in the normative assessment of sports. The term, however, suffers from a lack of conceptual precision. Alfred Archer’s ‘coherence-view’ of sporting integrity goes a long way to help clarify what ‘sporting integrity’ actually means and the specific institutional and individual obligations that it generates. Archer argues that ‘sporting integrity’ essentially means that the constraints athletes face ‘cohere’, in the sense of applying consistent inefficiencies between athletic competitors. For example, those who use performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) are less constrained than those who do not use PEDs, and thus PED use undermines sporting integrity. This paper presents the argument that over and above competitive coherence, sporting integrity means living up to the ‘spirit’ or ‘ethos’ of a game. The implications of this view are that a sport could have ‘coherent’ competitive constraints and still lack sporting integrity; additionally, a sport could have ‘incoherent’ competitive constraints and still demonstrate sporting integrity. These implications are drawn out relative to the three specific cases that Archer uses to illustrate his coherence view; namely, PED use in professional cycling, ‘tanking’ in Olympic badminton, and the prospect of allowing the Rangers Football Club entrance into the Scottish Premier League without playing through and first winning/qualifying in the lesser leagues. 相似文献
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本文从伦理学的视角出发 ,通过已公开发表的邓小平著述 ,分析论证了邓小平政治伦理思想的基本内容 :即邓小平的政治价值目标、邓小平反复强调的三大基本道德范畴———责任、信义、合作 ,并指出了邓小平政治伦理思想在我国现阶段政治生活实践中的重要理论指导意义和实践意义。 相似文献
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论市场经济条件下的有限诚信原则 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
诚信是一种美德 ,这已经是不需要讨论的。但是 ,在市场经济领域 ,无论从道德功利主义推出的诚信原则 ,还是从道德理想主义推出的诚信原则都不具有普适性。因此 ,当前市场经济条件下的诚信原则应该是一种保持必要张力和弹性的有限诚信 ,这种诚信原则既具有广泛的普适性 ,又是培育手段和目的价值相统一的理想诚信精神的逻辑起点。 相似文献
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把礼、义、廉、耻视为国之四维,提出“四维不张,国乃灭亡”治道思想的是《管子》。历代学者对其持肯定态度,但柳宗元却是例外。他以《管子》释义四维有误、“廉与耻,义之小节”“不得与义抗而为维”为由,论证四维论的提法不确切,进而得出“四维者非管子之言”的结论。实际上,这是一种教条主义的学究式裁断。 相似文献