Behavioral control of visual fixation of the rhesus monkey.

A paradigm for the control of visual fixation of the macaque monkey in vision experiments was described. Using a Maxwellian view, the procedure permits the placement of discrete test-light stimuli in a specific area of the retina as the monkey fixates a primary target. This procedure holds foveal fixation as other behaviorally significant visual stimuli are presented to the visual field. By a methods-of-limits procedure, the sensitivity of the monkey eye was measured at different retinal locations under both photopic and scotopic visual adaptation.     

Creative Fixation is No Laughing Matter: The Effects of Funny and Unfunny Examples on Humor Production

How do people come up with humorous ideas? In creative cognition research, exposure to good examples sometimes causes fixation (people get “stuck” on the examples) but other times sparks inspiration (people's responses are more creative). The present research examined the effects of funny and unfunny examples on joke production. A sample of 175 adults read scenarios that they completed with funny responses. All participants were instructed to be funny, but before responding they read (a) funny responses as examples of good responses to emulate, (b) unfunny responses as examples of poor responses to avoid, or (c) no examples. The participants’ own responses were rated for funniness and for similarity to the example responses, and response times were recorded. Reading either funny or unfunny examples, compared to no examples, caused people to come up with funnier jokes. Similarity to the examples was low in all conditions, so fixation was relatively modest, but people who saw unfunny examples spent more time coming up with their responses. Taken together, the findings support the growing literature showing that examples are often inspiring rather than constraining, and they imply that good and bad examples spark creative thought via different paths.     

钢板组及外固定架组治疗严重胫骨骨折疗效分析

探讨并分析严重胫骨骨折的手术方式。2003年9月-2010年12月我院收治的86例严重胫骨骨折进行随机分组治疗,外固定架组39例,钢板组47例,分析两组并发症及骨折愈合时间。结果86例患者均进行随访,随访时间7个月～28个月,平均10．3个月,钢板组并发症多,骨折愈合时间短,外固定架组愈合时间长。严重胫骨骨折临床多见,应根据其类型选择合理的钢板或外固定架进行治疗固定,使患者获得最佳效果。     

中央线索化对听觉障碍人群辨别任务返回抑制的影响

选取一组先天聋被试和与之匹配的听力正常被试,采用线索提示范式考察中央线索化对听觉障碍被试在辨别任务中基于位置返回抑制的影响。实验结果发现,在有中央线索化的任务实验中,听力正常和听觉障碍被试都出现了返回抑制,但是听觉障碍被试消失得比听力正常被试早。无中央线索化的辨别任务实验中,听力正常被试组仅在SOA=650ms时,听觉障碍被试没有发现返回抑制现象。结果表明听觉障碍被试辨别任务的返回抑制更易受中央线索化条件的影响,听障被试的空间注意调节机制更具策略性和有效性。     

Ⅰ期颈椎前后路联合手术治疗嵌夹脊髓型颈椎病

为了探讨前后路联合手术治疗嵌夹脊髓型颈椎病的疗效,对50例患者行Ⅰ期颈后路单开门-前路减压内固定术。术后随访脊髓功能改善情况,植骨融合率及并发症。结果显示,50例患者经平均6．5月随访,内固定均获牢固融合,脊髓功能明显改善,无明显并发症。提示Ⅰ期颈椎前后路联合手术是治疗嵌夹脊髓型颈椎病的较理想方案。     

关于交锁髓内钉应用中几个问题的思考

尽管交锁髓内钉在骨折的治疗中应用广泛,它还是在对普通髓内钉"扬弃"之后发展而来的。虽然闭合复位与开放复位、扩髓与非扩髓及静力性固定与动力性固定各自之间存在着矛盾,但是只要具体问题具体分析,作为新事物,交锁髓内钉具有强大的生命力。     

复杂胫骨平台骨折处理的临床决策

复杂胫骨平台骨折处理相当困难,治疗上存在着一系列矛盾,准确的骨折分型和软组织损伤情况评估,合理的手术入路和手术时机选择,重视复位、固定方式和方法及软组织保护,双下肢同时消毒包扎为术中快速的体位转换提供了方便,一系列临床决策极大地提高了复杂胫骨平台骨折的治疗水平。     

Cognitive emotion regulation in adulthood and old age: positive gaze preferences across two strategies

While positive emotional functioning may be enhanced across adulthood and old age, research is mixed as to the types of regulatory strategies that are more or less beneficial for facilitating well-being. The goal of the present study was to examine how specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies assumed to rely on varying levels of effortful processing (selective attention vs. reappraisal) would impact regulatory behaviors (via eye gaze deployment) and resultant affective outcomes. Participants viewed a series of positive, negative, and neutral film clips while their eyes were tracked across three conditions: passive viewing, selective attention, and reappraisal. Results revealed that (a) both younger and older adults displayed positive fixation preferences and showed mood improvement across both regulatory conditions and (b) there was a marginal association between positive fixation and post-regulation mood. Implications for linking positivity to emotion regulation and well-being across adulthood are discussed.