Involvement of cardiac,respiratory and gastrointestinal functions in neural responses to stressful events

In the stress concept, fight and flight situations as well as other CNS-controlled reaction patterns for alertness to danger have to be followed by or integrated with a restorative “build-up” process in order to maintain homeostasis. The “build-up” process can be studied physiologically for example after regular exercise or training. Under these conditions there is a decrease in resting sympathetic adrenergic activity and an increase in the parasympathetic vagal activity. A theoretical model for the “build-up” process in psychosomatic gastroenterology has previously been presented. The present paper deals with the “build-up” process in cardiovascular and respiratory tract diseases seen in athletes. Anorexia nervosa related to excess physical training is also discussed as well as the “build-up” process in severe obesity and psychosomatic gastroenterological disorders.     

先秦兵家决策心理思想研究

先秦兵家具有丰富的决策心理思想,主要观点如下：1“知彼知己,百战不殆”──全面信息管理心理思想。2“校之以计,而索其情”──全方位收集分析信息;这段时期兵家提出的收集信息方法和手段可以概括为以下几点：（1）分析推断;（2）观察法;（3）用间法;（4）侦察法。3“多算胜,少算不胜”的决策心理思想：先秦兵家的决策心理思想是以“全胜而非战”为目标,以全面的信息管理为前提,并且包含有三条原则：“善之善者”的优选原则;“践墨随敌”的调控原则;“奇正相生”的变化原则。