Multi‐Criteria Evaluation for Collaborative Circulating Farming with Collective Operations Between Arable and Cattle Farmers

Tokachi sub‐prefecture in Hokkaido is one of the most famous dairy and crop farming regions in Japan. It is known that Tokachi is faced with various difficult problems such as soil degradation, water contamination and unpleasant odours because of the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and inappropriate treatment of livestock excretion. In this paper, we focus on Shihoro town where agricultural outputs are relatively large in Tokachi, and propose collaborative circulating farming with collective operations between arable and cattle farmers. Under the assumption that the decision‐maker in this problem is a representative of a farming organization who hopes for sustainable agricultural development and values the intentions of local residents including arable and cattle farmers in this region, we employ multi‐attribute utility theory in order to evaluate multiple alternatives of the farming management problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国城市农民工子女心理健康研究述评

城市农民工子女是指户籍身份还是农民, 有承包土地, 但主要从事非农产业、以工资为主要收入来源的进城务工人员的子女, 他们一般为6~18周岁的适龄上学儿童少年。中国城市农民工子女心理健康的总体水平低于城市当地儿童, 社会认知方面存在着一定的歧视知觉、相对剥夺感和身份认同危机, 情绪情感方面表现为情绪不平衡、孤独(抑郁)倾向较强和自卑(自责)心理严重, 社会适应方面显示出社会适应不良、人际关系紧张与敏感、学习适应性较差和问题行为较多。性别、年龄、人格、应对方式、生活满意度等个体因素以及家庭、学校、社会等环境因素是其心理健康水平的主要影响因素。而关于城市农民工子女的教育干预还没有形成系统, 主要是一些质性的研究。今后研究的重点应包括研究对象与内容的拓宽、研究方法的改进与完善及系统研究和理论建构的加强等。     

Peasants' Social Representation of Politicians in a Clientelist Rural Context

In Latin America, political clientelism is one of the main obstacles to the process of sustaining truly democratic practices. Thus, this article proposes to study peasants from the Province of Formosa, Argentina's social representation of politicians, in hopes of shedding light on the relationship between said representations and clientelist practices, with the objective of making a contribution to the development of alternative means towards democratization in the area. The results of this case study show that, at the center of the peasants' social representation of politicians, there lies a tendency to place their expectations for receiving assistance within a context of a personalized and hierarchical relationship framework. Nevertheless, the majority of these farmers consider the assistance received to be insufficient and inadequate, stating that politicians actually look to satisfy their own interests and not those of the general public. In conclusion, the peasants' social representation of politicians favors clientelist practices, even though these small farmers do not identify, via their culture or their expectations, with these practices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当代农民职业价值观及其影响因素研究

随着农村劳动力大量地向城镇和非农产业转移,我国农民的职业价值观也发生了前所未有的变化。本研究以问卷调查为手段,以浙江省本地和来自外省的503名农民为样本,对农民的职业价值观进行了较为系统的分析,探讨了当代农民职业价值观的结构模式,考察了不同因素对于农民职业价值观的影响。研究结果有助于人们更好地理解农民的择业心理和就业行为。     

Towards a Psychology of Rural Development Processes and Interventions

A psychosocial approach to rural development and development interventions, which we designate as ‘psychology of rural development’ (PsyRD), does not yet exist as an area of research or intervention within the field of psychology or development studies, even though rural development is in part obviously shaped by psychosocial factors. Thus, in this discussion paper, we argue the need for PsyRD, explore how it may provide new insights and tools for analysis vis‐à‐vis rural development scenarios and issues of social equity and outline the shape that, in our view, such a psychology should take. First, the multiple dimensions of rural development and the many practical problems faced by rural development agents contain strong psychosocial elements that require contributions from psychology. Yet at the same time, the psychological literature on this topic contains many limitations and biases, which leads us to, in the second part of the paper lay the groundwork for a PsyRD that focuses on the importance of adopting a critical and interdisciplinary approach capable of dealing with complexity and multidetermination. Finally, we conclude by outlining the challenges of PsyRD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改造和提升小农伦理——再读马克思的《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》

农民在历史发展中的重要地位和伟大成绩是不容否定的,但从伦理道德的角度看,农民还存在先天缺陷和局限性,这在马克思的《路易.波拿巴的雾月十八日》有精深的论述。重读马克思的这部伟大作品,可以为我们在新的历史条件下改造农民和传统伦理中存在的落后的小农意识提供有益的启示。     

建国以来毛泽东的惠农思想

笔者认为以农民民生为重要内容的惠农问题毛泽东早有论及。毛泽东的惠农思想对当前如何实现惠农和如何建设社会主义新农村等问题有着重要的启示意义。文章拟从惠农问题的重要性、惠农基本原则和惠农的措施三个方面讨论毛泽东的惠农思想。     

一项社会支持的心理学研究

本研究以我国东、西部439户被征地农民家庭的主要劳力为对象,通过问卷调查,考察了被征地农民的社会支持。结果发现：被征地农民所获得的总的社会支持水平与城市居民投有显著差异,但在社会支持的某些维度上具有明显差异;我国东部地区被征地农民所获得的社会支持水平显著高于西部地区;人口统计因素(如年龄、受教育水平等)和社会心理因素(如征地前的职业、征地后的经济来源等)对被征地农民社会支持的不同方面具有不同影响。研究认为,征地部门需要重视被征地农民的就业安置或职业培训、以提高被征地农民的社会支持水平。尤其是我国西部地区被征地农民的社会支持水平。     

Disaster recovery experiences of a South African rural farming community

This study explored the bush fire disaster experiences and coping of South African farmers. Participants consisted of seven male farmers (6?=?White Afrikaans-speaking; 1?=?Black Tswana-speaking). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, nine months after the disaster, and analysed thematically. The findings showed that the farmers’ recovery was characterised by three distinct, transitioning phases. The first period involved resource-maintenance coping and emotion-focused coping. The second time period was characterised by meaning making related strategies. Finally, the third time period was charactirised by anxiety over reoccurrence and resource-maintenance coping. The results also suggest that successful coping is reliant on the individual's ability to adapt coping strategies continually, in a context-appropriate manner.