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In this essay, we demonstrate that the field of computer ethics shares many core similarities with two other areas of applied
ethics, Academicians writing and teaching in the area of computer ethics, along with practitioners, must address ethical issues
that are qualitatively similar in nature to those raised in medicine and business. In addition, as academic disciplines, these
three fields also share some similar concerns. For example, all face the difficult challenge of maintaining a credible dialogue
with diverse constituents such as academicians of various disciplines, professionals, policymakers, and the general public,
Given these similarities, the fields of bioethics and business ethics can serve as useful models for the development of computer
ethics.
A version of this paper was presented at ETHICOMP98, the Fourth International Conference on Ethical Issues of Information
Technology, March 25–27, 1998, Erasmus University, the Netherlands.
Kenman Wong, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Business Ethics; Gerhard Steinke, Ph.D., is Professor of Management and Information
Systems. Both authors are at Seattle Pacific University's School of Business and Economics. 相似文献
2.
To determine whether ethical issues concerned with field research are addressed in the peer-review process, instructions to
authors and reviewers of 141 (mainly natural science) journals were examined to ascertain how often ethical issues were mentioned.
Only one-third (n=41) of responding journals addressed ethical issues in their instructions to authors or reviewers. When
ethical issues were considered, most of the journals limited their concerns to ethical issues associated with animal and general
human experimentation. No journal mentioned ethical practices in working with indigenous peoples or on traditional lands.
Only two journals addressed the ethics of research in sensitive areas in their instructions to authors, only one in its instructions
to reviewers. We suggest that peer-reviewed journals respond to an emerging issue in ecological research by formally incorporating
research ethics into their instructions to authors and reviewers. Furthermore, these instructions should address the ethical
issues associated with field research and in working with indigenous peoples and on traditional lands. 相似文献
3.
Tolloczko T 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):63-70
The health care system in Poland is undergoing major change and it is possible that these changes could affect clinical research.
Therefore, the situation of funding of health care is important for the future of medical research in this country. Some questions
relevant in this field will be addressed. Since funds for health care and scientific research remain inadequate, their allocation
raises moral, economic, legal and organisational dilemmas. The clinical aspects of resource allocation also include physicians’
responsibilities towards their patients. Scientific research, clinical medicine, and clinical research have a common denominator:
they rely on trust. The physician should be a fiduciary of the patient as well as being a researcher for the benefit of the
patient and for society. Some physicians and researchers, despite unethical conduct, escape disclosure and punishment, but
decision-makers who wrongly allocate funds for health care and research are never held accountable for their actions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct: An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998. 相似文献
4.
Moser A 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(3):365-382
This paper deals with an approach to the integration of science (with technology and economics), ethics (with religion and
mysticism), the arts (aesthetics) and Nature, in order to establish a world-view based on holistic, evolutionary ethics that
could help with problem solving. The author suggests that this integration is possible with the aid of “Nature’s wisdom” which
is mirrored in the macroscopic pattern of the ecosphere. The corresponding eco-principles represent the basis for unifying
soft and hard sciences resulting in “deep sciences”. Deduction and induction will remain the methodology for deep sciences
and will include conventional experiments and aesthetic and sentient experiences. Perception becomes the decisive factor with
the senses as operators for the building of consciousness through the subconscious. In this paper, an attempt at integrating
the concepts of the “true”, the “right” and the “beautiful” with the aid of Nature’s wisdom is explained in more detail along
with consequences.
The author is a bioprocess engineer with a research interest in environmental issues. 相似文献
5.
Grunwald A 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(2):181-196
The role of ethics in technology development has been often questioned, especially in the early days of societal reflection
of technology. However, the situation has changed dramatically. Ethical consideration now is generally declared to be indispensable
in shaping technology in a socially acceptable and sustainable way. The expectations of ethics are large; often even a kind
of “New Ethics” is postulated. In the present paper an over-estimation of the role of ethics for technology development is
rejected. It is argued that ethical reflection is, indeed, indispensable in certain problem areas and situation types; but
there is, on the other hand, space for technology development free from the requirement for ethical reflection. The absence
of a requirement for ethical reflection, however, always has to be considered relative to some “morale provisoire” (provisional
morality) as an accepted normative framework within which technology development may occur without explicit ethical reflection.
If this framework, however, is doubted or is shown to be insufficient the situation changes completely. Ethical reflection
in this case becomes necessary, to consider this normative framework in order to offer modifications or supplements. 相似文献
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7.
Principles of good clinical practice (GCP) in clinical research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Switula D 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):71-77
Good Clinical Practice is an international quality standard for conducting trials that involve participation of human subjects.
Currently, the most widely accepted international document forming the base for GCP is the ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline
for GCP, which defines in detail the responsibilities and obligations of parties engaged in clinical research. The purpose
of this paper is to analyse how compliance with GCP provides protection of the trial subjects and assures quality and credibility
of the data obtained.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct: An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998. 相似文献
8.
Grodzinsky FS 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(2):221-234
In this age of information technology, it is morally imperative that equal access to information via computer systems be afforded
to people with disabilities. This paper addresses the problems that computer technology poses for students with disabilities
and discusses what is needed to ensure equity of access. particularly in a university environment.
A version of this paper was presented at ETHICOMP98, the Fourth International Conference on Ethical Issues of Information
Technology. March 25–27, 1998, Erasmus University, the Netherlands.
Frances S. Grodzinsky is a Professor of Computer Science and Information Technology. Her area of research is computer ethics. 相似文献
9.
Hansson MG 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):79-90
It is not contoversial to state that acts of fraud do not belong in the academic world. What is debated is the best way to
minimise the risk of fraudulent behaviour. Broadly speaking there are two different approaches to this problem. They differ
with regard to whether the main focus is on internal or external control. In this article I argue that the main emphasis should be on internal structures in order to achieve the desired
end. Only when the internal structures are in place is it meaningful to adopt external, supportive means to the same end.
Invitation to the academic project as such, education and training in research ethics and good research practice, the implementation
of good documentation procedures and the implementation of a procedure for investigation of suspicions of fraud which is characterised
by efficiency, impartiality and competence are the four primary ingredients in the cure. The first three are suggested to
build up the necessary foundation before a structure of investigation procedures are established.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct: An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998. 相似文献
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