Satisfaction et confort au travail. L’apport de la démarche implicative

A large body of research has investigated the psycho-organizational variables predicting satisfaction at work, but few studies have so far examined variables in the field of environmental psychology. Our study aims first to identify the impact of variables evaluating comfort at work (satisfaction with the work environment, attachment to the workplace) by comparing them with organizational variables known to be related to job satisfaction, and then to rank the relationships between these variables in a pseudo- implication sequence, based on statistical implicative analysis. The study involved 105 bank employees and confirms our theoretical model, showing that job satisfaction can be explained implicatively by the three other variables [(Comfort/Functionality => Control/privacy) => Workplace attachment] => job satisfaction.     

How to improve the appropriation of space and the morale of residents in nursing homes

This study proposes a simple methodology to improve the quality of life of residents in nursing homes. In the experimental condition, an intervention based on the feeling of control, the technique of touching and “you are free to…” was implemented. Assessment of the residents’ appropriation of their personal space and their morale was made one month later. Data showed a significant improvement in both parameters in the experimental condition, whereas values remained stable in the control group, which did not receive the intervention.     

Une redéfinition des relations entre la personnalité « Ouverte à l’expérience » et l’intelligence

Previous investigations of the relations between the Big Five personality traits and cognitive abilities have consistently supported that higher levels of openness to experience are associated with higher levels of crystallized abilities or knowledge. However, consistent with the idea that crystallized abilities are the product of the exercise of fluid abilities in the past, a moderately strong correlation between both types of abilities is generally found. Then, the first purpose of the current project was to examine the role of fluid abilities in the relation between openness to experience and crystallized abilities. It aimed at determining whether the relation of openness to crystallized abilities was still significant after controlling for the specific contribution of fluid intelligence to crystallized abilities; or conversely, whether this relation was explained by the relation of openness to fluid intelligence. The second purpose was to determine if the relation of openness to experience to both fluid and crystallized abilities varied as a function of age. The possibility that openness to experience differentially contributes to the variance in fluid and crystallized abilities as a function of age was examined. One hundred and sixty-four participants, aged 18 to 96, completed the openness to experience scale (French version of the IPIP, Goldberg, 1999. Personality psychology in Europe), in addition to several tests of fluid and crystallized abilities. After controlling for the variance associated with fluid abilities in crystallized abilities, Openness to experience was not related to crystallized abilities anymore. Moreover, the contribution of the personality trait of Openness to the variation in fluid and crystallized intelligences was similar at different ages in adulthood. Several possible interpretations and their respective implications are discussed. First, people more open may exercise fluid abilities more than people who are less open, and then increase the efficiency of these abilities. Second, fluid abilities may influence the development of the personality trait of openness to experience, that is people's tendency to seek out for novelty and curiosity. And third, the openness to experience scale may only reflect people's self-assessments of their abilities, such as a self-assessed intelligence construct. In any case, our results strongly suggest that the openness-cognition relation reflects something different from a relation between activity and knowledge acquisition.     

Conciencia metalingüística en bilingües familiares

Resumen

El análisis de producciones realizadas por bilingües familiares nos permite abordar el estudio de la conciencia metalingüística explícita e implícita. Entendemos por conciencia metalingüística explícita, la que se manifiesta en el hecho de tomar el lenguaje como objeto de reflexión y de análisis en cualquiera de sus dimensiones. Los datos lingüísticos acceden a la conciencia una vez que el bilingüe familiar ha establecido criterios lingüísticos que le permiten adjudicar los valores gramaticales, de significado y ajustar el código a las necesidades del interlocutor y del contexto de uso. La conciencia metalingüística implícita muestra que ésta puede aparecer por grados o niveles. En nuestro análisis estudiamos la conciencia metalingüística implícita mediante la yuxtaposición y el cambio de código. Estos recursos pragmáticos muestran como el bilingüe tiene acceso a una conciencia implícita de los datos lingüísticos que le permite ajustar el código al interlocutor o variable contextual con el fin de tener éxito en la comunicación. La discusión abre las puertas a las posibles explicaciones que jusifican tanto la aparición de la conciencia metalingüística explícita como implícita. En el primer caso, vemos que los criterios lingüísticos producto de la propia adquisición son decisivos para dichas manifestaciones. El bilingüe puede: hacer correcciones, criticas, juegos. En el segundo caso, las explicaciones señalan diversos puntos para el estudio, tanto desde el propio desarrollo del bilingüe, como de la experimentación. Es posible que la conciencia metalingüística implícita responda a un conocimiento lingüístico que aun está en proceso, o que estos datos no accedan tan pronto a la conciencia como otro tipo de datos (sintácticos). No debemos olvidar tal como señalan Karmiloff-Smith y Jackendoff que el estudio del metalenguaje debe conjugarse con el de la cognición; este planteamiento es el que nos puede aportar conceptos teóricos y datos del desarrollo claves para la comprensión de la conciencia metalingüística.     

“Hey,This is not like me!” Convergent validity and personal validation of computerized personality reports

Introduction/objectiveThere is a dearth of research on the validity of computerized personality reports. The present study examined the validity of such reports using various methodologies.MethodConvergence between personality self-ratings on items and self- and peer-ratings on personality descriptive text blocks used for compiling computerized reports were examined in a sample of 175 psychology undergraduates who were administered the Personality for Professionals Inventory (PfPI; Rolland & De Fruyt, 2009). Some weeks after these test administrations, a subsample of individuals was given feedback on their actual sex-normative scores, with half of the sample receiving random scores.ResultsOverall, PfPI-self-ratings on items showed strong rank-order convergence with self- and peer-ratings on 25 sets of three personality descriptive text blocks describing respectively low, medium or high positions on the 25 PfPI traits, underscoring the validity of the report text blocks. However, absolute ratings on text blocks were usually somewhat higher in the socially desirable direction. Assessees were able to discriminate genuine from fake reports, and perception of the text blocks as accurate was negatively associated with the discrepancy between genuine and fake reports.ConclusionPfPI-computerized reports are accurate reflections of self-descriptions on PfPI items. Implications for career counseling and development practice are discussed.