Narrative Solutions: Using Preferred View of Self to Motivate Individual and Family Change

This article describes refinements of the Narrative Solutions approach to individual and family therapy we first presented in Family Process 22 years ago. The centerpiece of this integrative (narrative‐strategic) model is “preferred view of self,” or the constellation of qualities people would like to see in themselves and have others see in them. We assume that problems generally involve one or more people mismanaging discrepancies or “gaps” between preferred views of self and either their actual behavior or how they see others seeing them and their behavior. Because clients are motivated to resolve such discrepancies, we use specifiable conversational strategies to help people (a) be clear about their preferred view of self, (b) notice gaps or discrepancies, and (c) summon resources to manage these gaps more effectively. Positive clinical effects of these strategic conversations can be rapid and dramatic. Case examples highlight applications to child and family problems, and we discuss some challenges and future directions for the Narrative Solutions approach.     

齐瓦当的艺术形式特征

齐瓦当体现出一种其前艺术形式所未有的对人创造力的挖掘。以充满着原始童贞的笔触,以稚嫩又初具系统的结构描画出对神秘世界的向往与热爱,它简洁而神秘、素朴而静穆、纯净而伟大。齐瓦当通过对称形式的运用表现出生命的秩序,体现了中国的时空意识,并通过对不同形式线条的运用,在具有律动的方向感的同时传达出永恒的生命。