我国心理学的现状与发展对策

本文从比较宏观的角度对我国心理学的现状进行了客观的分析。可以看出,中国的心理学在最近20多年中,通过全国心理学家的努力,已经获得了令人瞩目的成绩。同时,也应该看到,在表面繁荣的同时,还存在一些值得重视的问题。为了使我国的心理学能够健康地发展并服务于全面建设小康社会的战略目标,需要从政策导向、资源分配、科学普及和人才培养诸方面做更多的工作。     

Child psychotherapy then and now

The following is the text of an introductory presentation given on the occasion of the 40th Birthday Conference of the Journal of Child Psychotherapy. It provides an historical overview of the Journal's development, and in particular compares and contrasts the first two issues of the Journal with the two most recent. The importance of research is emphasised.     

Health psychology in international perspective: A summary and some thoughts for the future

This article reviews the progress made by the field in its short history and attempts to look at developments which seem likely to occur as the field matures.

Recommendations are made for training of health psychologists in the future and a plea is made for international standardisation of health psychology training programmes at the Ph.D. level which incorporate research and clinical training. Health psychologists are further encouraged to take a more active public and political role in order to provide needed visibility for their work.     

Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field

The past and current states of research on social comparison are reviewed with regard to a series of major theoretical developments that have occurred in the past 5 decades. These are, in chronological order: (1) classic social comparison theory, (2) fear-affiliation theory, (3) downward comparison theory, (4) social comparison as social cognition, and (5) individual differences in social comparison. In addition, we discuss a number of expansions of research on social comparison as they are currently occurring, and we outline what we see as likely and desirable future directions, including an expansion of areas, methods, and conceptualizations, as well as a stronger focus on cognitive, neuroscientific, and evolutionary aspects of social comparison.     

Thinking about the history of road safety research: Past achievements and future challenges

This paper surveys the developments in road safety thinking and road safety research over the last century. It details the general evolution of safety thinking as it applied to road user behaviour, vehicle and road design. More recently, emphasis has shifted towards a system’s approach, both in road safety activities and in road safety research. In terms of the future, more likely scenarios for the near future, a few decades from now, are explored and the implications for future road safety research are discussed. In particular, increasing urban density forces changes in travel modes, with a shift to public transport, more cycling and walking, and, thus, imposes new challenges for road safety research. In terms of vehicle technology, more automation and driver assistance systems are envisaged with an accompanying emphasis on evaluation and research, including the issue of behaviour adaptation. Speeding and population ageing will remain major research areas. Increased interest in techniques for exploring large databases, behaviour indicators and randomised experimentation is expected.     

Neuropsychology in Denmark

The origins and development of neuropsychology in Denmark are briefly overviewed, as are the education and training opportunities for Danish neuropsychologists. Areas of application and research are presented, and the role of the rehabilitation of brain injury is emphasized, with specific reference being made to the Center for the Rehabilitation of Brain Injury at Copenhagen University, wherein the rehabilitation program and pertinent research ensuing from the center is presented. Future trends in Danish neuropsychology are also considered.