When Hyperpropositions Meet ...

With each proposition P we associate a set of proposition (a hyperproposition) which determines the order in which one may retreat from accepting P, if one cannot fully hold on to P. We first describe the structure of hyperpropositions. Then we describe two operations on propositions, subtraction and merge, which can be modelled in terms of hyperpropositions. Subtraction is an operation that takes away part of the content of a proposition. Merge is an operation that determines the maximal consistent content of two propositions considered jointly. The merge operation gives rise to an inference relation which is, in a certain sense, optimally paraconsistent.     

Contagion in the Representational Field of Water Recycling: Informing New Environment Practice Through Social Representation Theory

Water shortages in Australia have highlighted an urgent need for alternative water sources, and technologically, water recycling is argued to offer the most cost‐effective, environmentally sustainable solution to these shortages. Yet public support for its implementation is low even in the drought‐stricken areas of Australia. Drawing from the theory of social representations, this study addressed community perceptions of water recycling. Three interrelated methodologies were employed in a self‐report questionnaire. Individual difference scaling/multidimensional scaling analyses of three word association tasks revealed that the emergent social representation of water recycling was contradictory in affect. Normative responses indicated an awareness of the need to use recycled water whereas the functional responses were associated with a fear of contamination. An analysis of differential use scales further revealed that the perception of contagion was specific to when recycled water had contact with the body. The discursive analysis of respondents' comments expanded on both these findings. The study identified the themata of purity/impurity as underpinning the social understanding of water recycling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

骨折治疗方法与原则的最优化历程

多年来骨折治疗,新旧技术、新旧理论相互融合,相互碰撞,产生了新的理论和方法,使得临床疗效显著提高,现阶段理智的临床医生应该融汇各家之长,多方互补,对每一位骨折患者的治疗都应该按照最优化的原则进行.但是在医疗过程中总存在着如方法选择不当或者错误,过度治疗,医患信任危机,医疗伦理道德的丧失等情况,我们应该用矛盾分析的方法来思考这些问题.     

抗抑郁药应用选择的思考

目前市场上可供选择的抗抑郁药越来越多.从系统方法论、医学模式转变和矛盾重点论的角度来阐述临床上应该如何选择用药,才能使治疗效果和医疗费用更符合个体的情况,达到比较和谐的状态.     

外科医师临床培养中的矛盾与解决对策

外科医师临床培养中的矛盾,主要表现为师承的矛盾关系及实践的矛盾关系。在查房、病例讨论、外科手术操作等临床培养过程中,适当转换上级医师与其两者的角色地位,在层次提高过程中,采用请进来、送出去的开放式培养模式,有助于外科医师主动地实现认知知识向认知方法、知识向能力、学习基础知识向学习新知识新技术的多元综合转化。是矛盾解决、调动年轻医师学习主动性和积极性、引发其与上级医师互动学习的良好方法。     

关于交锁髓内钉应用中几个问题的思考

尽管交锁髓内钉在骨折的治疗中应用广泛,它还是在对普通髓内钉"扬弃"之后发展而来的。虽然闭合复位与开放复位、扩髓与非扩髓及静力性固定与动力性固定各自之间存在着矛盾,但是只要具体问题具体分析,作为新事物,交锁髓内钉具有强大的生命力。     

《周易》和中国古代阴阳矛盾学说

本文从易学史角度考察中国古代哲学中阴阳矛盾学说的演进历程．认为《易传》构建了阴阳矛盾学说的基本框架,是阴阳矛盾学说之源。从玄学易到理学易．阴阳矛盾学说得以进一步展开,而王夫之易学,则对中国古代阴阳矛盾学说作了全面总结。     

细菌感染性疾病中的对立统一规律与Quorum Sensing系统

引起人类细菌性感染的病原菌可以分为条件致病菌和非条件致病菌,不同性质的细菌引起的感染决定了感染矛盾的特殊性,对于不同质的矛盾,只有用不同质的方法才能解决。抗生素的发明和使用为人类控制感染性疾病的同时,这种单纯的“对抗”的解决方法也引出了一些新的矛盾。因此,细菌感染矛盾的特殊性决定我们不能采用千篇一律的“对抗斗争”形式,而必须寻求一种特殊的解决方式。对QS系统的研究发现在细菌表现致病性过程中发挥重要作用,通过QS系统减弱细菌的致病性而不杀死细菌的“抗致病性药物”来治疗感染成为一种新的抗感染思路,这种“抗致病性”概念使我们抗感染的态度从与细菌“对抗”转变为“共生”,因而QS系统可以为这种特殊矛盾提供一个合理的解决方式。     

高密度脂蛋白结构功能关系的基本规律及认识

量变质变规律是唯物辩证法的基本规律之一,它表明任何事物都是一定的质和一定的量的统一体。对高密度脂蛋白(HDL)研究角度的变化(从关注其血清水平到关注其结构功能关系),反映出量变质变规律对医学研究的重要指导作用。以系统论的方法来认识HDL,并在实际工作中抓住主要矛盾,就能更有成效地开展对HDL生理病理功能的研究。