Supervision of supervision: Specialism or new profession?

Abstract

Consecutive BAC Codes of Ethics and Practice of the Supervision of Counsellors have emphasised the importance of supervisory consultations for supervisors, and the need of evaluating and monitoring supervision work. Supervision of supervision work has also been an integral part of the training of supervisors, in order for them to learn supervision by actually supervising and receiving feedback on their work. The paper attempts to define and conceptualise the task of the supervisor of supervision in comparison with and by contrast to ordinary supervision and covers such areas as function, format, focus, presentation.     

The relation between scores on the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire and aggressive acts,impulsiveness, competitiveness,dominance, and sexual jealousy

This paper examines the relation of the four subscales (physical, verbal, anger and hostility) of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) to act‐based aggression questionnaires (involving same‐sex or partners as opponents, and direct or indirect aggression) and evolutionarily based predictors of aggression, using an online student sample. All aggression measures were moderately correlated with one another. The BPAQ physical and verbal scales were most closely related to act‐based measures of direct aggression to a same‐sex other and the hostility scale to indirect aggression to a same‐sex other. The evolutionary variables were less closely related to the BPAQ than were the act‐based measures. Dominance and sexual jealousy were predictors of BPAQ physical, verbal and anger, and impulsiveness was a significant predictor of anger. Aggr. Behav. 32:1–10, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Models of Educational Career With and Without IQ Measurements

Path models of educational careers do not usually contain information about phenotypical intelligence levels. This may lead to an overestimation of direct environmental effects such as the educational level of the parents on the education attained by the children. This phenomenon was investigated on the basis of data describing educational level, occupational status, and intelligence measurements of 2,847 father-son pairs. The IQ was determined during testing for military service by means of a shortened version of Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. The results were twofold. When the son's IQ was included in the model describing his educational career, environmental effects due to the influence of the father were reduced. Adding the father's IQ to the model, however, did not affect the path coefficients of the variables that were predicted to be relevant for the son's education.     

Strategic hybrid approach for selecting suppliers of high‐density polyethylene

Supplier selection is an important process for companies in the plastic sector due to its influence on firm performance and competitiveness. For a proper selection, a number of criteria from different aspects need to be considered by decision makers. Yet, as in different fields, because there are numerous criteria and alternatives to be considered in the plastic industry, choosing an appropriate multicriteria decision‐making approach has become a critical step for selecting suppliers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to define the most suitable supplier of high‐density polyethylene through the integration of powerful multicriteria decision‐making methods. For this purpose, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is initially applied to define initial weights of factors and subfactors under uncertainty, followed by the use of decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate interrelations between the elements of the hierarchy. Then, after combining FAHP and DEMATEL to calculate the final contributions of both factors and subfactors on the basis of interdependence, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution is used to assess the supplier alternatives. In addition, this paper also explores the differences between the judgments of decision makers for both AHP and DEMATEL methods. To do these, a case study is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.     

Gritting their teeth to close the sale: the positive effect of salesperson grit on job satisfaction and performance

This research is the first to examine the effect of “grit” – defined here as perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals – on salesperson performance and job satisfaction in a business-to-business (B2B) sales context. While more commonly studied in the psychology and education literatures, grit has heretofore been underexplored in sales research, a notable omission given its importance in predicting performance outcomes across multiple domains. In response, we demonstrate that gritty salespeople perform better and enjoy greater job satisfaction than their less gritty counterparts. Moreover, we show that competitiveness and self-efficacy help to develop grit and reveal important moderating effects; grit is highest when salespeople are self-efficacious and socially astute. Moreover, the results also suggest that need for power attenuates the positive effect of grit on performance, revealing a potential “dark side” of grit. We then provide some future research ideas involving grit in an effort to encourage further exploration of this construct in sales research. Finally, we conclude by offering cautions to future researchers as they decide whether to examine this interesting construct in a sales context.     

中学生创新心理素质与心理健康的相关研究

采用自编的创新心理素质量表和中国中学生心理健康量表对558名中学生进行问卷调查,以探讨中学生创新心理素质和心理健康之间的关系。结果表明：(1)自编创新素质量表包括三个子量表,分别为创新意识、创新能力与竞争心量表,经检验三个子量表均具有较高的信度、效度。(2)中学生的创新心理素质整体处于中等偏上水平。(3)中学生创新心理素质与心理健康水平较为密切,创新意识与学习压力、抑郁、焦虑显著负相关,创新能力与学习压力、抑郁显著负相关,与适应不良显著正相关,竞争心与抑郁、焦虑、学习压力、总均分有着显著的负相关关系;心理健康水平高者其创新意识和竞争心较心理健康水平低者高;学习压力对创新意识和竞争心的预测作用较大,学习压力、适应不良和抑郁对创新能力的预测作用较大。     

Validity of the miami structured interview-1 for assessing type a behavior,competitiveness, and aggression in children

The validity of the Miami Structured Interview-1 for measuring Type A behavior in children was examined in 122 boys 8 to 16 years old. We assessed the relationship between interview ratings and Type A and factor analytically derived Type A component scores from the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH), a teacher rating scale. The validity of interview ratings was initially supported by significant correlations with MYTH Type A scores for preadolescents rated by English teachers and adolescents rated by English and mathematics teachers. Principal-components analyses of the MYTH items revealed components we labeled competitiveness-leadership and impatience-aggression. Interview ratings were related to the competitiveness-leadership component from English and mathematics teachers of both age groups but not the impatience-aggression component. The implications of these findings and the strengths and limitations of the Miami Structured Interview-1 for preadolscents and adolescents are discussed.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Psychological Association 91st Annual Meeting, Anaheim, California, 1983. This research was supported by National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Grant R01 HL23356, Cross-Cultural Determinants of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Preadolescents and Adolescents. We gratefully acknowledge the confidence and support shown by Dr. George Christakis, Principal Investigator of Grant R01 HL23356.     

Social orientations and adolescent health behaviours in Hungary

Adolescent health behaviours are influenced by a variety of social factors, including social orientations, such as social comparison or competitiveness. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the role that these social orientations might play in health behaviours (both health‐impairing and health‐promoting). Data were collected from high school students (N = 548; ages 14–20 years; 39.9% males) in two counties of the Southern Plain Region of Hungary. The self‐administered questionnaires contained items on sociodemographics, such as age, sex, parental schooling, and socioeconomic status (SES) self‐assessment; school achievement, health behaviours, competitiveness and social comparison. Multiple regression analyses suggest that those who scored higher on competitiveness engaged in more substance use, a pattern that was not present for health‐promoting behaviours. Social comparison, however, was associated with lower levels of substance use. In addition, in relation to health‐impairing behaviours, both competitiveness and social comparison interacted with sex; both social orientation variables proved to be more important for boys. Social comparison also contributed to health‐promoting behaviours among boys. Findings support the idea that the role of social orientations, such as competitiveness and social comparison, can be quite different depending on sex and the nature of the health behaviour. While competitiveness may act as a risk factor for substance use among boys, social comparison may act as a protection. It appears that social orientations play less of a role in girls' health‐related behaviours. More focus is needed on gender differences in influences on adolescents' health‐related behaviours.     

大学生内隐竞争心理的实验研究

该研究探讨大学生的内隐竞争倾向,考察内隐竞争与外显测量结果的一致程度并探讨男女学生之间是否存在显著差异。实验1考察了被试对竞争图片与非竞争图片的潜在反应倾向。实验2考察被试对竞争词与非竞争词的潜在反应倾向。结果发现:外显竞争与内隐竞争的表现具有一致性。竞争测量中高分组大学生的内隐竞争倾向明显地高于中低得分组,中分组大学生的内隐竞争倾向也明显地高于低分组。同时,内隐竞争倾向还存在着显著的性别差异,男大学生的内隐竞争倾向比女大学生的内隐竞争倾向强。