The polarising effect of female leaders: Interest in politics and perceived leadership capability after a reminder of Australia's first female prime minister

The current study examined the impact of observing successful women being attacked on gender lines through reactions to gender‐based criticism directed towards Australia's first female Prime Minister, Julia Gillard. Australian undergraduate students completed a measure of conformity to gender norms and then read statements about either: (a) generic difficulties for leaders; or (b) statements about gender‐based difficulties experienced by Gillard. Results showed that, relative to those who read the generic article, female participants high on conformity to feminine norms displayed lower desire to be involved in politics after reading about Gillard's gender‐based difficulties, while low conformers showed greater desire to be involved in politics. For male participants, those high on conformity to masculine norms showed greater belief in their own leadership capabilities after reading about Gillard's gender‐based difficulties than when reading about generic difficulties, while low conforming men showed the opposite pattern. Implications for achieving gender equality are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scaling an Islamic Work Ethic

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to construct scales to measure the Islamic work ethic and individualism and to provide evidence of these scales' reliability and validity. Three steps were involved: a literature search to develop statements pertaining to the Islamic work ethic and individualism; screening of the initial statements by Islamic experts; and actual administration of the refined statements to a sample of 150 Arab students. The results of a reliability test and correlation analysis indicated that both scales were reliable and that the Islamic Work Ethic Scale was positively and significantly correlated with the Individualism Scale.     

性别刻板印象维护的心理机制

性别刻板印象对人们有着重要影响。反性别刻板的行为违背了人们对性别角色的期望和要求,人们为了维护自己的性别刻板印象会采用不同的策略来对反性别刻板的行为作出反应。文章介绍了认知过程中对反性别刻板信息的抗拒和行为反应中对反性别刻板行为的抵制功能模型,分析了人们维护性别刻板印象的心理机制,并对有关性别刻板印象维护的研究进行了评价和展望