张惠言的词学与易学

张惠言是常州词派的开派领袖,但更是深通易学尤其是虞氏易的古文经学家,这一特殊身份决定着他的词学不可避免地带有易学的印记。他释词为“意内言外”来自汉代易学家孟喜对易之卦爻辞的解释,对唐宋词的解读注重探究其中的微言大义,则是虞氏“发挥旁通”、“贯穿比附”说易方法的直接运用,而他概括词的特征为“缘情造端,兴于微言”,也是明显地受《易·系辞》对《周易》文本特征描述的启发。从现代解释学的观点来看,张惠言以比兴寄托说词过于偏重作者原意的搜寻,只看到文学作品中形象与寓意之间的对应关系,其实形象与寓意之间不只是简单的比附关系而应该是相融无间无法拆解的,所以常州派的传人周济特别重视作品中艺术形象的创造,将“意内言外”之意由张氏所指向的作者之意转换为读者之意,在文学批评活动中重视读者对文本的阐释,较之张氏所论更为符合艺术鉴赏的审美规律。     

Telling Others to Do What You Believe Is Morally Wrong: The Case of Confucius and Zai Wo

Can it ever be morally justifiable to tell others to do what we ourselves believe is morally wrong to do? The common sense answer is no. It seems that we should never tell others to do something if we think it is morally wrong to do that act. My first goal is to argue that in Analects 17.21, Confucius tells his disciple not to observe a ritual even though Confucius himself believes that it is morally wrong that one does not observe the ritual. My second goal is to argue against the common sense answer and explain how Confucius can be justified in telling his disciple to do what Confucius thought was wrong. The first justification has to do with telling someone to do what is second best when the person cannot do what is morally best. The second justification has to do with the role of a moral advisor.     

同象数别义理:《太玄》与孟京易学

易学史上对《太玄》与孟京易学关系的探究,受到两个有争议问题的影响:一是《易纬.稽览图》和孟京《易》的先后关系,一是《太玄》源于孟京《易》还是源于《易纬》。本文以《太玄》为基点,在尝试解决"争议"的基础上,具体探究《太玄》象数构建如何取于孟、京卦气说,其义理阐释又如何别于孟、京灾异说。     

今本《子夏易传》即唐张弧伪本考论

《经义考》和《四库》皆认为,今本《子夏易传》非但不是唐以前流传的古本《子夏易传》,也不是唐代张弧所假托伪撰的《子夏易传》,而是宋以后伪撰的另一新伪本,而唐张弧伪本已亡佚。这一观点得到了大多数学者的认可。但本文通过详细考证,认为今本《子夏易传》即宋代流传的唐张弧伪本,易学史上并不存在张弧伪本之后的新伪本《子夏易传》。考证清楚此问题,对我们更好地理解、利用今本《子夏易传》,以及对古本《子夏易传》的辑佚都有重要意义。     

张载气化哲学视野下的易学“卦变说”理论

"卦变说"是历代易学家常用的解易体例之一。张载作为义理派易学家在运用这一体例时体现出鲜明的特点。他以同时包含"乾""坤"两经卦的《否》《泰》两卦作为本卦,以其中的阴阳往来升降去诠释三阳三阴卦之经文与传文,透显出与其整体气化哲学的宇宙论、辩证观和社会历史观的连结和贯通。通过对此连结之深入发掘,对张子理学和《易》学以及二者关系的理解都有重大意义。     

试论张伯端道教思想的易学渊源

紫阳真人张伯端以<周易>阐述的宇宙观为本,结合自己的修炼实践,以易学象数学理论为依据,说明内丹之周天火候和成丹过程的阴阳变易之理,从而形成了深具易学渊源、崇尚性命双修的道教内丹理论.     

论张载"为天地立心"的伦理意义

张载把《大学》“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”具体为“为天地立心,为生民立道,为往圣继绝学,为万世开太平”,并以此作为达致太平世界的公理。这一“公理”含有“立心”、“立道”、“继绝学”、“开太平”四个环节本文对张载“为天地立心”这一命题的伦理意义作了深入发掘：1、“立心”是赋天地以人论道德属性;2、“立心”是立人;3、“立人”是人的真正自主。     

Structuring Reality: The Metaphysics of Harmony in Zhang Zai’s Zhengmeng Philosophical System

The essay aims to analyze the concept and the paradigm of harmony in the metaphysical system of the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhang Zai. It argues that Zhang Zai’s concept of Great Harmony not only inherits the traditional centrality of this idea within the Confucian tradition, but actually presents the most advanced idea of harmony up to his time. In Zhang Zai’s philosophy, harmony becomes the Way itself, which includes the realm of principles and the outward and functional manifestations of reality. This essay will deal with harmony in two ways: first with Zhang Zai’s direct use of the concept in the Zhengmeng and second, applying the paradigm of harmony to other of Zhang Zai’s key concepts such as qi 氣, void (xu 虛) and natural dispositions (xing 性).     

张行成先天数学初探--三论中国数学派

南宋易学家张行成是继邵雍之后的又一位数学派哲学家,在"象"与"数"的内涵和关系问题上,认为"象"为卦爻象,"数"为奇偶数;先数后象,由数生象。在"理"与"数"问题上,主张数生于理。提出"理数"的概念,以"理数"为宇宙万物的本体。通过对"太极"的阐释,进一步表明"数本论"思想。认为"太极"是兼包理气、虚实、动静之"数"。通过《易》《玄》的比较说明"先天图"为浑天象,"太玄图"为盖天象。先天图实际上反映的是先天数。由"象"而推及"数",由"数"而推及"理",由"理数"而说明天道规律和宇宙本体,是张行成象数哲学的最大特色。     

张浚的易学思想及其影响

张浚把<易>作为载道之书,重视对义理的阐发,同时把义理建立在象数的基础上,这体现了其易学的特点.张浚的易学影响到其子张栻和朱熹这两位著名理学家,在宋代易学史上占有一定的重要地位.