Preferences for skill versus chance-determined activities: The influence of gender and task sex-typing

Three experiments tested the hypothesis that skill-chance activity preference by men and women is moderated by task sex relatedness. Men and women (total N = 368) opted to perform either skill or chance versions of masculine and feminine tasks, and then provided ratings of performance expectancy, importance of success, and perceptions of task characteristics. Results support the conclusion that men do not prefer skill and women chance as had been found previously, but rather that while men's skill preferences are higher than women's on a masculine taks, women prefer skill more than do men on a feminine task. Skill-chance preferences were primarily a function of the expectancy of success on skill tasks.     

The power of print: Children’s trust in unexpected printed suggestions

How do children evaluate the veracity of printed text? We examined children’s handling of unexpected suggestions conveyed via print versus orally. In Experiment 1 (N = 131), 3- to 6-year-olds witnessed a speaker either read aloud an unexpected but not completely implausible printed label (e.g., fish for a bird-like animal with some fish features) or speak the label without accompanying text. Pre-readers accepted labels in both conditions. Early readers often rejected spoken labels yet accepted them in the print condition, and in Experiment 2 (N = 55) 3- to 6-year-olds continued to apply them even after the print was obscured. Early readers accept printed testimony that they reject if only spoken, and the influence of text endures even when it is no longer visible.     

Postural control after unexpected external perturbation: Effects of Parkinson’s disease subtype

Different clinical subtypes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have long been recognized. Recent studies have focused on two PD subtypes: Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty (PIGD) and Tremor Dominant (TD). PIGD patients have greater difficulties in postural control in relation to TD. However, knowledge about the differences in reactive adjustment mechanisms following a perturbation in TD and PIGD is limited. This study aimed to compare reactive postural adjustments under unexpected external perturbation in TD, PIGD, and control group (CG) subjects. Forty-five individuals (15 TD, 15 PIGD, and 15 CG) participated in this study. Postural perturbation was applied by the posterior displacement of the support surface in an unexpected condition. The velocity (15 cm/s) and displacement (5 cm/s) of perturbation were the same for all participants. Center of pressure (CoP) and center of mass (CoM) were analyzed for two reactive windows after the perturbation (0–200 ms and 200–700 ms). The Bonferroni post hoc test indicated a higher range of CoP in the PIGD when compared to the CG (p = 0.021). The PIGD demonstrated greater time to recover the stable posture compared to the TD (p = 0.017) and CG (p = 0.003). Furthermore, the TD showed higher AP-acceleration peak of CoM when compared to the PIGD (p = 0.048) and CG (p = 0.013), and greater AP-acceleration range of CoM in relation to the CG (p = 0.022). These findings suggest that PD patients present worse reactive postural control after perturbation compared to healthy older individuals. CoP and CoM parameters are sensitive to understand and detect the differences in reactive postural mechanisms in PD subtypes.     

社会焦虑与大学生自杀人群分析研究

生命是神圣的,珍爱生命,追求生命是人的本能欲望。近年来大学生的自杀问题已经引起社会的普遍关注,社会焦虑引发精神疾病,情绪失控自杀被认为是大学生自杀的普遍过程,建议对大学生进行珍爱生命等有关的心理教育。     

高等医学院校医事法学教育亟待加强

通过千余份问卷调查研究,透视出医学生对医事法律认知程度普遍偏低的状况,进而从医学院教育方针,以及医学生法律意识、自我教育能力等方面,分析、探究原因,寻求改进医事法学教育滞后问题,加速培养学医懂法医学人才的途径与方法。     

What I Wish I Knew Then...Reflections from Personal Experiences in Counseling about Down Syndrome

Sharing the news about a newborn baby’s diagnosis of Down syndrome with families is a scenario genetic counselors frequently face. Yet often we may feel uncomfortable or unsure how to best support families in this setting in a way that will foster competence and resilience. This commentary is a reflection of one genetic counselor’s experiences in counseling about Down syndrome over the course of her career and how her thinking has transitioned from a medical based model of disability to a more individual and family-focused model. Ideas and suggestions are offered that genetic counselors can incorporate into their practice.     

浙江省新型农村合作医疗制度的实践与思考

浙江省农村合作医疗始于20世纪60年代,发展道路曲折,但对解决农民看病问题发挥过巨大的作用.浙江省新型农村合作医疗试点工作于2003年8月启动,新型农村合作医疗具有政府支持力度大、筹资机制较完善、突出大病统筹等与传统合作医疗不同的新特点.但也应该看到,新型农村合作医疗是一项复杂的社会系统工程,实践中会面临许多困难和问题.在建立此项制度的过程中,应加强宣传教育,转变观念,建立相关的法规和制度,完善筹资机制,配套抓好城乡医药卫生体制改革,以保证合作医疗制度的健康发展.     

来厦务工子女在初中教育的若干问题

改革开放以来,厦门作为最早的四个经济特区,吸引和接纳了大量来厦务工人员,伴随着进城务工潮而来的就是其子女(多数是未成年人)的教育问题,正确认识来厦务工子女在初中教育的若干问题,认真进行归因分析,找到解决问题的对策和建议,有助于实现教育最大化公平,构建人文、和谐、稳定的社会环境。     

针灸早期介入出血性中风治疗的困惑与思考

针对国内外在针灸早期介入出血性中风治疗方面的现状与分歧,以及给针灸临床工作者的带来的困惑,提出自己的一些思考。认为,临床研究标准化、规范化,发挥群体作用,开展国际合作,形成统一的临床研究规程,才能促进针灸疗法的发展。