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1.
We predicted that an expectancy of acquiring a feared fat self and an expectancy of acquiring a hoped-for thin self both mediate the impact of body size on women's body esteem. We also predicted that the mediating pathway through the feared fat self would be stronger than that through the hoped-for thin self. A community sample of 251 women reported their age, height, weight, and completed measures of body esteem and expectancy perceptions of acquiring the feared fat and hoped-for thin selves. Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) demonstrated that expectancies about the feared fat self and about the hoped-for thin self mediated the relationship between body size and body esteem. Bayesian SEM also revealed that the pathway through the feared fat self was stronger than that through the hoped-for thin self. Implications for future research and the development of eating pathology are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Mark Heller 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):83-101
The Donkey Problem (as I am calling it) concerns the relationship between more and less fundamental ontologies. I will claim
that the moral to draw from the Donkey Problem is that the less fundamental objects are merely conventional. This conventionalism
has consequences for the 3D/4D debate. Four-dimensionalism is motivated by a desire to avoid coinciding objects, but once
we accept that the non-fundamental ontology is conventional there is no longer any reason to reject coincidence. I therefore
encourage 4Dists to become even more radical—embrace the Donkey Problem’s conventionalism and deflate the debate between 3Dists
and 4Dists.
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Mark HellerEmail: |
3.
Richard Woodward 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(2):273-288
Gideon Rosen’s [1990 Modal fictionalism. Mind, 99, 327–354] Modal Fictionalist aims to secure the benefits of realism about possible-worlds, whilst avoiding commitment to the existence of any world other
than our own. Rosen [1993 A problem for fictionalism about possible worlds. Analysis, 53, 71–81] and Stuart Brock [1993 Modal fictionalism: A response to Rosen. Mind, 102, 147–150] both argue that fictionalism is self-defeating since the fictionalist is tacitly committed to the existence of
a plurality of worlds. In this paper, I develop a new strategy for the fictionalist to pursue in response to the Brock–Rosen
objection. I begin by arguing that modal fictionalism is best understood as a paraphrase strategy that concerns the propositions
that are expressed, in a given context, by modal sentences. I go on to argue that what is interesting about paraphrastic fictionalism
is that it allows the fictionalist to accept that the sentence ‘there is a plurality of worlds’ is true without thereby committing
her to the existence of a plurality of worlds. I then argue that the paraphrastic fictionalist can appeal to a form of semantic
contextualism in order to communicate her status as an anti-realist. Finally, I generalise my conception of fictionalism and
argue that Daniel Nolan and John O’Leary-Hawthorne [1996 Reflexive fictionalisms. Analysis, 56, 26–32] are wrong to suggest that the Brock-Rosen objection reveals a structural flaw with all species of fictionalism.
相似文献
Richard WoodwardEmail: |
4.
Jeffrey C. King 《Philosophical Studies》2007,133(3):443-453
Robert Stalnaker is an actualist who holds that merely possible worlds are uninstantiated properties that might have been
instantiated. Stalnaker also holds that there are no metaphysically impossible worlds: uninstantiated properties that couldn't
have been instantiated. These views motivate Stalnaker's "two dimensional" account of the necessary a posteriori on which
there is no single proposition that is both necessary and a posteriori. For a (metaphysically) necessary proposition is true
in all (metaphysically) possible worlds. If there were necessary a posteriori propositions, that would mean that there were
propositions true in all possible worlds but which could only be known to be true by acquiring empirical evidence. Consider
such a purported proposition P. The role of empirical evidence for establishing P's truth would have to be to rule out worlds
in which P is false. If there were no such worlds to be ruled out, we would not require evidence for P. But by hypothesis,
P is necessary and so true in all metaphysically possible worlds. And on Stalnaker's view, the metaphysically possible worlds
are all the worlds there are. So there can be no proposition that is true in all possible worlds, but that we require evidence
to know. In this way, the motivation for Stalnaker's two dimensional account of the necessary a posteriori rests on his denying
that there are metaphysically impossible Worlds. I argue that given his view of what possible worlds are, Stalnaker has no
principled reason for denying that there are metaphysically impossible worlds. If I am right, this undercuts Stalnaker's motivation
for his two dimensional account of the necessary a posteriori.
相似文献
Jeffrey C. KingEmail: |
5.
6.
Michael Glanzberg 《Synthese》2009,166(2):281-307
This paper argues that relativity of truth to a world plays no significant role in empirical semantic theory, even as it is
done in the model-theoretic tradition relying on intensional type theory. Some philosophical views of content provide an important
notion of truth at a world, but they do not constrain the empirical domain of semantic theory in a way that makes this notion
empirically significant. As an application of this conclusion, this paper shows that a potential motivation for relativism
based on the relativity of truth to a world fails. 相似文献
7.
‘Is’–‘Ought’ Derivations and Ethical Taxonomies 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Scott Hill 《Philosophia》2008,36(4):545-566
Hume seems to claim that there does not exist a valid argument that has all non-ethical sentences as premises and an ethical
sentence as its conclusion. Starting with Prior, a number of counterexamples to this claim have been proposed. Unfortunately,
all of these proposals are controversial. Even the most plausible have a premise that seems like it might be an ethical sentence
or a conclusion that seems like it might be non-ethical. Since it is difficult to tell whether any of these counterexamples
are genuine, we need a taxonomy that sorts out ethical sentences from non-ethical ones. We need to know the difference between
an ‘Is’ and an ‘Ought’. In the first part of the paper, I establish the need for a taxonomy. I consider some of the most influential
‘Is’–‘Ought’ derivations. These include proposals by Prior and Searle. I argue that each proposal has a premise whose status
as ethical or non-ethical is difficult to determine. In the second part of the paper, I consider taxonomies proposed by Karmo
and Maitzen. I argue against both taxonomies. I end with the claim that we need a taxonomy of ethical sentences and that none
of the current proposals are adequate.
相似文献
Scott HillEmail: |
8.
9.
Gregory Landini 《Axiomathes》2009,19(2):115-142
This is a critical discussion of Nino B. Cocchiarella’s book “Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism.” It focuses on paradoxes
of hyperintensionality that may arise in formal systems of intensional logic.
相似文献
Gregory LandiniEmail: |
10.
The Allure of Aphrodite: How Gender‐Congruent Media Portrayals Impact Adult Women's Possible Future Selves
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Ashley R. Kennard Laura E. Willis Melissa J. Robinson Silvia Knobloch‐Westerwick 《人类交流研究》2016,42(2):221-245
This study investigated how media exposure affects how noncollege women envision their futures. Over 5 days, a prolonged exposure experiment presented childless women (aged 21–35) with magazine portrayals of females in gender‐congruent (mother/homemaker or beauty ideals) or gender‐incongruent (professional) social roles. Responses to an open‐ended question revealed that 3 days after media exposure, only gender‐congruent roles remained salient. Exposure to homemaker portrayals induced more thoughts about possible future selves (PFSs) and fostered concerns about motherhood and career roles; it also produced more positive affective valence compared with exposure to portrayals of professional women, particularly among women with gender‐congruent life circumstances. Exposure impacts were mediated by the extent to which women linked the magazine portrayals to their own PFSs. 相似文献