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Lloyd Hawkeye Robertson 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(3):449-461
Many lay writers have claimed that psychologists and other scientists need to integrate something called “spirituality” into
their work. This spirituality, usually undefined, is not something the truth of which may be determined by scientific means,
yet it should be called upon to guide or govern our actions in certain all-important ways. This paper deconstructs two such
calls that, in the end, are based on the notion of revealed, or religiously held, truth. A paradigm by which spirituality
can be investigated integrating the individual self with culture is proposed, and use of this paradigm when considering modernization
and supply-side theses of religious propagation is suggested.
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Lloyd Hawkeye RobertsonEmail: |
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Warren Mansell 《New Ideas in Psychology》2003,21(2):121-140
Universal Selection Theory claims that the increases in the fit of a system to its environment are achieved through a process of blind variation and cumulative selection that is analogous to evolution by natural selection. The process is proposed to occur in many domains, including the gene, behavior, cognition, and culture (meme). This paper reviews the background for the theory and explains how it may contribute to clinical psychology and psychiatry. It is suggested that the theory provides: A framework for integrating biological, psychological and cultural perspectives; an account for why problem-solving and cognitive reappraisal prove to be effective interventions; and an understanding of why psychological disorders can be resistant to change. Implications for psychological treatments, theoretical integration, and future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Learning is an important aspect of cognition that is crucial for the success of many species, and has been a factor involved in the evolution of distinct patterns of life history that depend on the environments in question. The extent to which different degrees of social and individual learning emerge follows from various species-dependent factors, such as the fidelity of information transmission between individuals, and that has previously been modelled in agent-based simulations with meme-based representations of learned knowledge and behaviours. A limitation of that previous work is that it was based on fixed environments, and it is known that different learning strategies will emerge depending on the variability of the environment. This paper will address that limitation by extending the existing modelling framework to allow the simulation of life history evolution and the emergence of appropriate learning strategies in changing environments. 相似文献
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Language evolution as a Darwinian process: computational studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents computational experiments that illustrate how one can precisely conceptualize language evolution as a
Darwinian process. We show that there is potentially a wide diversity of replicating units and replication mechanisms involved
in language evolution. Computational experiments allow us to study systemic properties coming out of populations of linguistic
replicators: linguistic replicators can adapt to specific external environments; they evolve under the pressure of the cognitive
constraints of their hosts, as well as under the functional pressure of communication for which they are used; one can observe
neutral drift; coalitions of replicators may appear, forming higher level groups which can themselves become subject to competition
and selection.
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Frédéric KaplanURL: http://www.fkaplan.com |
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