关于孝文化批判的再思考

中国传统孝化构建的权利义务关系,是一种不公正的权利义务关系,在五四运动中受到较为彻底的批判。梁漱溟、陈寅恪、冯友兰对孝化批判保持了较为冷静的态度;当代新儒家和海外学杜维明对孝化给予更为积极的肯定,他们的肯定意见启发人们对孝化批判进行新的思考。孝化是一个以孝为教的化丛,发挥着社会道德教育的功能。对孝化的绝对化否定带来道德教育的家庭缺位,也带来公忠伦理的畸重和人伦、情感伦理的畸轻。     

Trouble with Korean Confucianism: Scholar-Official Between Ideal and Reality

This essay attempts a philosophical reflection of the Confucian ideal of “scholar-official” in Joseon Korea’s neo-Confucian context. It explores why this noble ideal of a Confucian public being had to suffer many moral-political problems in reality. It argues first that because the institution of Confucian scholar-official was actually a modus-operandi compromise between Confucianism and Legalism, the Confucian scholar-officials were torn between their ethical commitment to Confucianism and their political commitment to the state; and second, that because the Cheng-Zhu neo-Confucianism vigorously imported and indigenized by Joseon Koreans exalted the family over the state, Joseon neo-Confucian scholar-officials were torn between two competing moral obligations, filiality and loyalty. The essay concludes by discussing whether, given the problems with which the ideal of the Confucian scholar-official was frequently entangled, liberal individualism should be pursued as its normative alternative.