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While biofeedback is often said to increase self-control of physiological states by increasing awareness of their subjective correlates, relatively few studies have analyzed the relationship between control (standard biofeedback) and awareness (a discrimination paradigm). We hypothesized that the two skills would generalize and facilitate each other for 8–12 Hz EEG amplitude (alpha). Participants were given 7 sessions of training to either control or discriminate Pz alpha followed by 3 sessions of the other paradigm. Another group was given 7 sessions with time divided equally between the two types of training. The control-training first group showed significant generalization of skills to the discrimination task. However, the reverse was not true, and the combined task group did no better in either task than the other two groups. These results provide ambivalent support for the role of awareness in biofeedback, and suggest possible improvements in the discrimination paradigm. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Unter "somatoformen autonomen Funktionsstörungen des Urogenitalsystems" werden Störungen gefasst, die mit der Harnproduktion und der Harnausscheidung zusammenhängen, wie Harnverhalten/-inkontinenz, die Reizblase und das vegetative Urogenitalsyndrom. Neben Störungen der Harnausscheidung stehen diffuse Schmerzen und Missempfindungen im Nieren- und Unterbauchbereich im Vordergrund, ohne dass pathologische somatische Befunde erhoben werden können. Stattdessen wirken sich psychische Spannungszustände dysfunktional auf das Zusammenspiel der Blasen- und der Beckenbodenmuskulatur aus: hierbei können Verspannungen und Myalgien als Affektäquivalente aufgefasst werden. Die therapeutischen Ansätze beziehen sich auf die Erarbeitung eines biopsychosozialen Krankheitsmodells, das Erkennen funktionaler Aspekte der Störung in einem interaktionellen Kontext sowie die Förderung von Selbstmanagementkompetenzen. 相似文献
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ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to systematically review the literature on the integration of technology in psychological skills training (PST) to optimize elite athletes’ performance.DesignSystematic review.MethodPublished English, Italian, and Russian language articles were identified using electronic databases. Eighteen articles (out of 3753 records) fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Six papers were judged to be excellent and four to be high quality. There were significant methodological inconsistencies across eight studies. An overall score of quality assessment ranged from 20% to 100%.ResultsThe included studies implemented various technologies, in combination with PST, to identify, monitor and/or have an intervention aimed at optimizing elite athletes' performance. The results suggested that the integration covered different meanings, i.e., functional integration, integration between technologies and measures, integration between technology, theoretical framework, and psychological skills training. There was no distinct consistency between the studies with regards to the theory or model used.ConclusionsTechnology and mental training should not be viewed as interchangeable facets of performance enhancement, but rather as complementary ones – where technology integrated in psychological skills training can lead to identify and monitor optimal performance and to implement more effective interventions. 相似文献
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