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The ability to discriminate between pairs of photographs according to the portrayed model's visual attention status was examined
in four olive baboons. Two baboons successfully managed to solve the problem, even when attention was demonstrated by eye
direction alone. A third showed an ability to discriminate head direction but not eye direction. In order to investigate further
their ability to discriminate attention, the two successful baboons and two na?ve baboons were presented with a simple object-choice
task accompanied by experimenter-given cues. There was no evidence of transfer from the photographic stimuli to a real model;
only one baboon showed signs of using the experimenter's attention to chose between two objects, and only after over 300 trials.
These results could suggest that the baboons used simple physical cues rather than a concept of attention to solve the picture
discrimination but alternative explanations are also discussed.
Accepted after revision: 5 February 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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We examined attention shifting in baboons and humans during the learning of visual categories. Within a conditional matching-to-sample
task, participants of the two species sequentially learned two two-feature categories which shared a common feature. Results
showed that humans encoded both features of the initially learned category, but predominantly only the distinctive feature
of the subsequently learned category. Although baboons initially encoded both features of the first category, they ultimately
retained only the distinctive features of each category. Empirical data from the two species were analyzed with the 1996 ADIT
connectionist model of Kruschke. ADIT fits the baboon data when the attentional shift rate is zero, and the human data when
the attentional shift rate is not zero. These empirical and modeling results suggest species differences in learned attention
to visual features.
Received: 30 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 13 September 1998 相似文献
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Behavioral flexibility is considered by some to be one of the hallmarks of advanced cognitive ability. One measure of behavioral
flexibility is how subjects respond to novel objects. Despite growing interest in comparative cognition, no comparative research
on neophilia in wild primates has been conducted. Here, we compare responses to novel objects in wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Baboons and geladas are closely related taxa, yet they differ in their ecology and degree of social tolerance: (1) baboons
are habitat and dietary generalists, whereas geladas have one of the most specialized primate diets (90% grass); (2) baboons
exhibit an aversion toward extra-group individuals, whereas geladas typically exhibit an attraction toward them. Using subjects
of all age and sex classes, we examined responses to three different objects: a plastic doll, a rubber ball, and a metal can.
Overall, baboon subjects exhibited stronger responses to the objects (greater neophilia and exploration) than gelada subjects,
yet we found no evidence that the geladas were afraid of the objects. Furthermore, baboons interacted with the objects in
the same way they might interact with a potential food item. Responses were unrelated to sex, but immatures showed more object
exploration than adults. Results corroborate novel object research conducted in captive populations and suggest that baboons
and geladas have differences in behavioral flexibility (at least in this cognitive domain) that have been shaped by ecological
(rather than social) differences between the two species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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