康德是否证成了道德的形上学 ——兼论牟宗三对康德的批评

牟宗三通过对道德理性三义的确立与对儒家的"当下呈现"即是康德所谓智的直觉之肯定,建立了道德的形上学。他进而认为康德只证成了道德理性之第一义,而未能证成其第二义,亦未能透显出第三义,衡定康德只有道德的神学而无道德的形上学。通过对康德理路的分析可以发现,康德建立的道德的神学在《判断力批判》中亦有道德的证明,而非只有《实践理性批判》之单纯分解地形式地建立,与儒家以良知为本体建立道德的形上学的思路有不谋而合之处。     

直感判断力:理解儒学的心之能力

Mou Zongsan incorrectly uses Kant’s practical reason to interpret Confucianism. The saying that “what is it that we have in common in our minds? It is the li 理 (principles) and the yi 义 (righteousness)” reveals how Mencius explains the origin of li and yi through a theory of common sense. In “the li and the yi please our minds, just as the flesh of beef and mutton and pork please our mouths,” “please” is used twice, proving aesthetic judgment is necessary to understanding Mencius. An analysis of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming’s ideas will show that Confucianism should be interpreted by appealing to aesthetic judgment, and a discussion of Kant’s theory of judgment and Gadamer’s critique of Kant’s theory will support the same point. The conclusion is that Chinese moral philosophy should be interpreted through aesthetic judgment.