国外医学教育思想与中山大学医学教育模式的变迁

通过展示中山大学医科教育起步至今的发展脉络,揭示国外医学教育模式对中山大学医科教育发展的影响.这种国外医学教育的影响,一直伴随中山大学医科教育从形成到发展之全过程,并在中山大学医科教育发展演变的每一个不同时期,有不同方式、不同程度的变化.     

丘处机与全真道在燕京的发展

全真道何时传入燕京①,已无确切资料可考,但全真道著名人物至燕京活动,始于金世宗召见七真之一的王处一。大定二十七年(1187年),七真中最以神异著称的王处一奉诏赴京,世宗亲问以养生之道,并命居天长观②。次年二月,七真之一的丘处机也奉诏赴京③。王处一和丘处机先后被召至燕京     

速示条件下辨认汉字与无意义图形的实验研究

本实验是对60名中国大学生进行的辨认汉字与无意义图形的速示研究。结果表明,无论是右利还是左利,多数人在辨认中显示出两脑均势的现象。其中汉字辨认无视野差异的占总实验人数的60％,无意义图形辨认无视野差异的占56.66％。这与用表音字对欧美人进行的研究不同,它意味着中国人在认知过程中可能具有特殊的方式。     

Sense of community improves community participation in Chinese residential communities: The mediating role of sense of community responsibility and prosocial tendencies

Community participation is essential for community development and enhancing quality of life. Several studies have focused on the relationship between sense of community (SOC) and community participation in organizational settings. Guided by the community experiences framework, this study aims to examine how a SOC improves community participation in Chinese residential communities. Moreover, the study aims to assess the mediating role of SOC responsibility (SOC-R) and prosocial tendencies in that relationship. A sample of 433 residents completed questionnaires regarding their SOC, sense of community responsibility, prosocial tendencies, and community participation. Using a linear regression model, we found that a SOC can positively predict the level of community participation. Mediation effect analysis revealed that a SOC-R mediated the relationship between SOC and community participation. In addition, prosocial tendencies mediated the association between the SOC and community participation. Using multiple mediation analysis, we found that SOC-R and prosocial tendencies mediated the link between a SOC and community participation in a sequential manner. The findings of this study complement existing research by uncovering the mechanism underlying the relationship between a SOC and community participation.     

Nest box entrance hole size can influence nest site selection and nest defence behaviour in Japanese tits

Animal Cognition - Birds have the ability to assess the risk of predation in their environment and adjust their antipredation strategies based on this risk information. However, whether nest site...     

龚道长慷慨解囊资助后学

应韩国国际仙道交流振兴院的邀请,中国道教协会张继禹副会长等2人于10月7日至12日赴韩国参加了首届中韩仙道文化交流学术研讨会。同时参加研讨会的中国学者还有陕西省社科院的两位道教研究专家。这是继任法融会长于去年6月率团访问韩国后,又一次高规格的中韩道教文化交流活动。     

一氧化氮在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的作用

在围产期窒息引起的新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)中,一氧化氮(NO)对脑组织具有神经保护性和神经毒性双重效应,这取决于NO的来源.并且NO与谷氨酸及内皮素(ET)相互作用.应用哲学观点深入研究NO的作用机制对于探讨HIE的防治具有重要意义.     

长期高策略性技能训练对运动员大脑白质结构的影响：一项DTI研究

目前关于运动员经验优势的脑机制还存在争议, 尤其对于涉及较多认知过程参与的高策略性技能项目运动员, 其大脑白质结构可塑性变化还需进一步探究。研究横向对比了乒乓球运动员和非运动员大脑白质纤维束的弥散张量成像数据。结果发现, 相比于非运动员, 乒乓球运动员在连接背侧和腹侧通路脑区的双侧皮质脊髓束、左侧上纵束、左侧下纵束和双侧额枕下束的各向异性值(FA)更大, 进一步分析发现, 部分腹侧通路白质纤维束FA增加的原因是径向扩散系数(RD)下降。研究结果支持了动作双通路模型。提示经过长期高策略性技能训练, 乒乓球运动员在背侧和腹侧通路上的白质纤维束结构完整性增强。     

规范错觉对外出就餐中食物浪费的影响：心理机制与应对策略

规范错觉是指个体的规范感知与实际存在于群体中的社会规范之间存在差异, 规范错觉影响了社会生活的方方面面。对957份问卷调查的分析显示, 人们普遍高估了他人的食物浪费(行为错觉)以及对浪费的赞同程度(态度错觉), 而这两种错觉又加剧了人们自身的浪费行为。中介效应检验显示, 印象管理中的社交性维度部分中介了两种错觉与浪费行为间的关系。两个随机对照实验进一步检验了描述性(命令性)规范信息对行为(态度)错觉的影响, 结果发现, 描述性规范信息降低了行为错觉, 并通过社交性减少了浪费行为; 而命令性规范信息并不改变态度错觉本身, 但通过降低态度错觉对浪费的影响而减少了浪费行为。上述结果意味着两种规范信息尽管高度相似, 但其作用机制却可能不同, 同时这一发现也为政策制定者提出了两种干预途径。     

Action Generalization Across Group Members: Action Efficiency Matters

Actions are usually generalized among social group members. Importantly, the efficiency of an action with respect to achieving an external target determines action understanding, and it may have different degrees of social relevance to social groups. Thus, this study explored the role of action efficiency in action generalization. We used computer animations to simulate actions in social groups initiated by visual action cues or category labels, and we measured differences in response times between identifying actions that were and were not consistent with group members, without explicit requirements regarding generalization. It was found that in both visually introduced and explicitly labeled social groups, when the group members acted inefficiently toward the external object, perceivers identified group-consistent actions faster than group-inconsistent actions, indicating that the exemplars' common inefficient actions are generalized to the unknown ingroup member, accordingly facilitating the identification of expected consistent inefficient action (Experiment 1). As this effect was not present when removing social group cues, it was determined to be specific to social groups (Experiment 2). Importantly, such generalization was not observed when the identical action was deemed efficient toward the external object (Experiment 3) and was specific to the demonstration of the action being completed by multiple group members rather than being repeated twice by one group member, supporting the group-based inference and ruling out the possibility of the increased memorability of inefficient actions leading to more generalization relative to efficient actions (Experiment 4). Therefore, the efficiency of an action bounds the generalization of the action across social group members through a process that is spontaneous and implicit. This constrained action generalization may be due to inefficient actions being represented as culture-specific conventional forms.