从"耳目"、"喉舌"到"向导"、"政监"——略论清末报人的办报理念与公众舆论的话语伦理

清朝末年,随着报刊业的发展和社会思潮的流转,报人对报刊的社会角色和功用提出了自己的理解,始曰“耳目”、“喉舌”,继之言“第四种族”与“舆论之母”,再则称“政监”与“向导”,愈转愈进,愈转愈激。由于立意于作为“政监”和“向导”,报刊特重“主观”之“言论”,遂由“代言”而逐渐转向“灌输”,甚至直接“制造舆论”。因此,尽管报人与报刊仍以代表“公意”、“公益”而自期,但主观之“言论”究竟在多大程度表达了“一般国民之公共意志”而于“民主政治”建设有所贡献,不免令人生疑。     

Μιμησιζ的出处与释义

长期以来,探讨古希腊μιμησιζ概念之根源的学术研究,吸引了不少学者.迄今发现在色诺芬和柏拉图之前(即公元前5世纪),使用与μιμησιζ相关词语的残存文献约计63处.使用者包括埃斯库勒斯,品达,希罗多德,欧里庇得斯,德谟克利特和阿里斯托芬等人.     

城市绿化景观观赏性的心理学研究

抽取上海地区具有代表性的公共绿地绿化景观样本,编制测评量表对其观赏性进行评价.通过探索性因素分析鉴别该量表的测评维度并基于理论推断和经验归纳确定评价指标,包括整体美感、正性情绪、色彩知觉、形态知觉、负性感受.120名大学生和研究生对景观样本的评价结果表明.高观赏性组的景观与低观赏性组的景观相比,前者的整体美感、正性情绪、形态知觉、色彩知觉维度评价指标及其所含测项的评分均高于后者,彼此差异达到极显著或非常显著的水平,而负性感受维度评价指标评分则是后者极显著地高于前者,而且其测项评分也显著高于前者.本研究编制的量表能够对城市绿化景观观赏性进行有效测评.     

Does power corrupt? The moderating effect of status

Findings on the effect of power on corruption are mixed. To make sense of these mixed results, three studies were conducted to examine the moderating role of status on this effect. In Study 1, corrupt intent was measured using a corruption scenario that contained manipulations of power and status. In Study 2, corrupt behaviour was measured in a corruption game that contained manipulations of power and status. Study 3 was conducted in real organisational settings, and aimed to expand the external validity of Studies 1 and 2. The results of all three studies consistently indicated that the effect of power was moderated by status. Specifically, power increased corruption when status was low, whereas this effect disappeared when status was high. The implications of reducing the facilitating effect of power on corruption by considering status from the perspective of social hierarchy are discussed.     

中国情境下的关系自我和群体自我区分研究

通过两个研究探索中国情境下关系自我和群体自我的区分。研究一通过问卷调查发现在外显层面被试的关系自我和群体自我是独立的结构;女性被试的关系自我水平要高于群体自我。研究二通过单靶内隐联想测验(Single Target Implicit Association Test,ST-IAT)发现在内隐层面,相对于群体自我,中国情境下的被试具更倾向从人际关系角度定义自我。同时,研究二也发现外显关系自我和内隐关系自我二者是独立的结构;外显群体自我和内隐群体自我二者是独立的结构。最后,文章讨论了研究对自我建构领域的贡献。     

开创替代宗教的世俗人文主义之路

有两个问题常常被人们提及。第一个是为什么宗教可以持续至今?第二个是我们是否可以创造出世俗人文的替代品。对于为什么宗教可以一直延续这个问题,众说纷纭。     

“儒者”卫礼贤的文化使命:重估儒学

在20世纪初西方文化危机期间,卫礼贤极大地推动了西方对于孔子和儒学的积极评价:他大量译介中国经典,在德国起到了拓荒的作用;他的灵活阐释,拓展了儒学的接受群体;他的"中国"立场,让西方封闭的话语场内多了"他者"的声音。卫礼贤复活作为道德宗师的孔子形象,彰显儒家对道德责任的坚守,令人信服地从西方视角确证了传统儒学的现代价值。他的"跨界"阐释让他得以克服专业局限,为上世纪初的中西文化对话做出了贡献。     

睡眠不足对人际交互的影响及其认知神经机制

睡眠不足会对人的认知、情感和人际交互产生诸多影响。这种影响在社会情绪层面表现为个体情绪共情和认知共情的减少,易激惹性与愤怒情绪的增加;在社会行为层面则表现为亲社会行为的减少和攻击行为的增加。在睡眠不足状态下,情绪系统和认知系统功能连接的减弱可能是这些变化的潜在机制。未来应结合生态效度较高的睡眠操作手段,系统考察睡眠不足如何导致各种高级社会情绪的改变,以及这些社会情绪的变化如何导致社会行为的变化。     

The epistemological objection to modal primitivism

Modal primitivists hold that some modal truths are primitively true. They thus seem to face a special epistemological problem: how can primitive modal truths be known? The epistemological objection has not been adequately developed in the literature. I undertake to develop the objection, and then to argue that the best formulation of the epistemological objection targets all realists about modality, rather than the primitivist alone. Furthermore, the moves available to reductionists in response to the objection are also available to primitivists. I conclude by suggesting that extant theories of the epistemology of modality are not sensitive to the question of primitivism versus reductionism.