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2.
Dirk Richter 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1994,15(3):253-265
Since existentialism lost its influence in philosophy in the 1960s, postmodern theory has taken over criticizing basic concepts of western thought. From a postmodern point of view, the main shortcomings of existentialism is that it criticizes traditional unitarian concepts, while re-inventing new unitarian models. Against these unitarian approaches postmodernism holds that the world can only be described in terms of difference. In this article the postmodern program and its differences from existentialism are explained in reference to three concepts of western philosophy: subject, truth, and ethics. Applying these concepts, the relevance of postmodernism for medical theory is illustrated. 相似文献
3.
G E Kühne J U Grünes W Knorr L Perina H Richter U Rommel R Sorger H St?ck N Waldow 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1978,30(2):104-115
The antidepressants desipramine and imipramine were compared within the framework of a multiclinical study performed under the conditions of a controlled clinical experiment. There has been found a time-different remission of affective symptoms, which was not detectable for the inhibition of drive. The tachythymoleptic action of desipramine is discussed with reference to these results. Evaluation of the possibility of controlling affects shows different ranges of activity of desipramine and imipramine, with desipramine influencing especially negative psychoenergetic symptoms in the area of drives and emotions and imipramine, restrictive symptoms in addition to differential phenomena of the psychomotor expression. 相似文献
4.
Summary The phenomenon of the wandering point on a blank sheet of paper in serial reproductions is the starting point of an investigation of the perceptual field structure of homogeneous stimulus areas; 609 stimulus points distributed regularly in 21 rows and 29 columns on a DIN A4 sheet were presented successively to 10 subjects and had to be reproduced immediately afterwards in order to establish empirical vector fields. These were subjected to vector-analytic procedures. A method for the decomposition of the measured vector fields into partitions from gradient potentials and circulation potentials is demonstrated. The gradient potentials of the empirical vector fields revealed a highly regular structure with four point attractors near the corners of the sheet. A model calculation of the wandering point in this potential landscape showed results comparable to the empirical phenomenon. The results are discussed in favor of Gestalt theory and against direct perception. 相似文献
5.
G E Kühne R Beier M Heim W Knorr L Perina H Richter V Rossberg R Sorger N Waldow 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1979,31(4):203-212
The antidepressants trimipramine and imipramine were compared within the framework of a multiclinical study performed under the conditions of a controlled clinical experiment. There has been found a time-different remission of affective und psychomotoric symptoms. The panthymoleptic action of trimipramine and other antidepressants is discussed with reference to these results. Trimipramine influences psychotic states, especially if in depression anxiety is combined with agitation, also in hypochondriac forms of depression. 相似文献
6.
Two experiments were simultaneously conducted in which two different groups of 40 rats each were exposed to one of two different stressors. In both experiments half the subjects were pretreated with shock, half with underwater exposure. For each pretreatment stressor, half the subjects were allowed to escape, the other half were not. The experiments differed in the test task used. Approximately 24 hr after pretreatment, one-half the subjects from each pretreatment group received 20 water-escape trials in an underwater maze, the other half received 20 shock-escape trials in a two-way shuttle box. The subjects in each of the inescapable pretreatment conditions were slower to escape in the subsequent shock-escape and water-escape tasks when compared with subjects in the corresponding escapable pretreatment condition. The “learned helplessness” effect appeared to be no smaller when aversive stimuli were changed between pretreatment and test than when they remained the same. 相似文献
7.
Katharina Theresa Halicki Caterina Suitner Tobias Vogel Michaela Wnke 《European journal of social psychology》2021,51(1):166-177
The mental imagination of (social) actions has been shown to follow a left‐to‐right trajectory, with the thematic agent associated with the left position (Spatial Agency Bias, Suitner & Maass in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 53, 2016, p. 245–301). For example, individuals asked to choose a picture that visualizes the sentence “Tom kicks George” tend to choose an image where the agent, Tom, is positioned on the left‐hand side rather than on the right‐hand side. However, as an alternative to the thematic role of the agent, such findings may reflect a mental representation following pragmatic relevance. Specifically, a pragmatic perspective holds that word order and syntactic functions are strategic devices to communicate that the element is important for the sentence. Thus, positioning in the described picture‐matching task may actually reflect the agent's pragmatic relevance instead of agency per se. As a test, we vary whether sentences are written in the active versus the passive voice. Results from five studies indicate that the passive voice results in the tendency to place the agent on the right‐hand side rather than on the left‐hand side of a picture. Instead, the acted‐upon person is positioned on the left‐hand side of a picture. A sixth experiment reveals that for the passive voice, the agent is still seen as more agentic than the receiver, but is considered less relevant. The findings are congruent with the proposed pragmatic relevance account. Implications for the Spatial Agency Bias as well as for building mental representations in general are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Brailovskaia Julia Teismann Tobias Zhang Xiao Chi Margraf Jürgen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2021,40(8):3922-3930
Current Psychology - In Western cultural context, grandiose (overt) narcissism has been shown to be either unrelated or negatively related to negative mental health (depression, suicide ideation).... 相似文献
9.
Cognitive inhibition has been suggested to deteriorate in Alzheimer’s disease. While numerous studies with different experimental paradigms found evidence on impaired inhibition in attention and memory, evidence in favour of intact memory inhibition has been reported with regard to the phenomenon of retrieval-induced forgetting (Moulin et al., 2002). Here, we adapted the previously used paradigm in order to reduce the contribution of non-inhibitory processes and examined whether retrieval-induced forgetting could still be observed in a sample of participants with diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. In contrast to the previous finding, we found that retrieval-induced forgetting only occurred in an age-matched control group. These results suggest that inhibitory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease also generalize to memory inhibition that resolves interference occurring during retrieval, whereas effects of retrieval-induced forgetting may still occur when non-inhibitory causes, such as, blocking by previously retrieved content, are not precluded. 相似文献
10.
Deborah J. Weatherston Robert P. Boger Richard A. Richter 《Infant mental health journal》1983,4(4):309-315
This paper describes the development of the volunteer component of the Perinatal Positive Parenting program—a program for parents of firstborns who deliver at the William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan. Effective parenting volunteer service requires energy, interest, and an extraordinary commitment to healthy family relationships. Principles which assure a high level of commitment to the Perinatal Positive Parenting Program are discussed. Recruitment, training, supervision, and evaluation dimensions which specifically support this commitment are also examined. 相似文献