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Keiko Takahashi Mika Hirai Jing Hou Hiroshi Shimizu 《The Japanese psychological research》2020,62(2):101-115
This article proposed an affective relationships model with its assessment instrument and examined how Chinese and Japanese adolescents and young adults construct mental representations of their close relationships, and the influence of Confucian cultural beliefs on these representations. The participants were 1,565 students aged 14 to 24 years living in China or Japan. The students were asked about their relationships with four figures: mother, father, closest friend, and romantic partner. We found that: (a) adolescents and young adults in both cultures constructed constellations of relationships containing multiple figures, and they articulated reasons for each figure's significance; and (b) there were between-group differences in the relationships with the father and the romantic partner for Chinese versus Japanese adolescents and young adults. These differences were partly explained by the influence of Confucianism on the Chinese participants’ cultural beliefs that retained the patriarchal values. 相似文献
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How does the developing brain of the human infant solve the feature-binding problem when visual stimuli consisting of multiple colored objects are presented? A habituation--dishabituation procedure revealed that 1-month-old infants have the ability to discriminate changes in the conjunction of a familiar shape and color in two objects. However, this good earlier performance was followed by poorer performance at 2 months of age. The performance improved again at 3 months of age. Detailed analysis of the oculomotor behaviors revealed that the age of 2 months was a period of drastic transition when the tendency to stay with the fixated objects disappeared and repetitive saccades between the two objects emerged. Our findings suggest that the ability to perceive conjunctions of features is available to infants very early, that the perceptual/neural basis at 1 and at 3 months of age may be fundamentally different, and that feature integration by vigorous eye movements or selective attention may be the key functional difference between the age groups. 相似文献
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It is well established that humans and other animals may treat two perceptually different cues alike, if the cues have been
individually paired with a common antecedent or a common consequence. Recently, Molet et al. (Psychon Bull Rev 18:618–623,
2011) reported evidence for a new form of acquired equivalence in human conditional discrimination, namely context-mediated equivalence.
In the present research, using a flavor conditioning procedure, we asked whether rats would show similar context-mediated
equivalence to demonstrate that this new form of acquired equivalence is a general phenomenon. Rats experienced two flavor
cues A and B each presented either in the same context, X, or each in its own distinctive context, X or Y. Subsequently, the
rats experienced B with sucrose in a third context, Z, and then the generalization of conditioning to A was assessed. When
tested in Context Z, consumption of A was more marked when A and B had both been presented in the same context than when they
had been presented in two different contexts. Thus, importantly, in the absence of the training context, cues that shared
a common context at different times came to be treated as equivalent. This represents the first evidence of context-mediated
equivalence in a nonhuman species. 相似文献
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Adams’ thesis is generally agreed to be linguistically compelling for simple conditionals with factual antecedent and consequent.
We propose a derivation of Adams’ thesis from the Lewis-Kratzer analysis of if-clauses as domain restrictors, applied to probability
operators. We argue that Lewis’s triviality result may be seen as a result of inexpressibility of the kind familiar in generalized
quantifier theory. Some implications of the Lewis-Kratzer analysis are presented concerning the assignment of probabilities
to compounds of conditionals. 相似文献
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Mika Vhkangas 《International review of missions》2015,104(2):292-301
While economic issues are not usually much debated in theology, three recent mission documents (The Cape Town Commitment, Together towards Life and Evangelii Gaudium) have directly addressed them, criticizing globalized capitalism more or less sharply and explicitly. However, all three lack transparency in that possible analysis which might provide foundation for the statements made is not visible. Additionally, the critique offered is vague and general except for some relatively concrete propositions in Evangelii Gaudium with seemingly social‐democrat overtones. Thus these documents do not readily connect with economic, political, and social scientific discourses, which reduces their applicability predominantly to the religious sphere and further supports an Enlightenment sacred/secular dichotomy that conflicts with the approach advocated in Together towards Life. In order to increase the relevance of theological arguments concerning economic issues to spheres beyond the churches, theologians need to cooperate with economists and familiarize themselves with economic theories and practices before prescribing policies based on theological argumentation. 相似文献
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Mika Pantzar 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(2-4):207-226
The “choreography of everyday life refers to the existence of rules of daily life, correspondingly to those of dances: the rules impose order upon individual behavior beyond the level of pure improvisation. The fact that acts of everyday life repeat themselves supports the idea that there exist some mechanisms generating order to daily practices. The replicative model of evolution is a candidate to explain this process of routinization. At the beginning of a replicative cycle behavioral patterns might change radically. In the course of time integrative and competitive selective forces start working. Finally some established rules, choreography, determining daily practices will emerge. In this mature phase identical replication takes place. 相似文献
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Philosophia - Theories of philosophy of perception are too simplifying. Direct realism and representationalism, for example, are philosophical theories of perception about the nature of the... 相似文献
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The Contribution of Individualism vs. Collectivism to Cross-national Differences in Display Rules 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David Matsumoto Sachiko Takeuchi Sari Andayani Natalia Kouznetsova & Deborah Krupp 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》1998,1(2):147-165
Despite the fact that display rules are an important concept of theories of emotion and contemporary psychology, relatively little cross-cultural research has been done on them. This study examined cross-national differences in display rules of emotion, and investigated the degree to which those differences could be attributed to Individualism and Collectivism (IC) measured on the individual level. Participants in the US, Japan, South Korea, and Russia completed a comprehensive measure of display rules assessing behavioral tendencies for seven universal emotions in four social contexts in two rating domains. They also completed Matsumoto et al .'s (1997) Individualism–Collectivism Interpersonal Assessment Inventory. The results confirmed the existence of cross-national differences in IC and display rules, and indicated that IC and display rules were correlated. Significant differences between the countries remained even after IC was controlled for, and effect size analyses comparing cross-national differences when IC was controlled and not indicated that IC accounted for approximately 30% of the effect sizes related to cross-national differences. This study is unique in that it not only used the concept of IC to explain and predict differences; it also quantitatively assessed the degree to which IC contributed to those differences. These findings are discussed in terms of the utility of the IC concept to understanding cross-cultural and cross-national differences in emotion. 相似文献
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Rolland Benjamin D’Hondt Fabien Montègue Solène Brion Mélanie Peyron Eric D’Aviau de Ternay Julia de Timary Philippe Nourredine Mikaïl Maurage Pierre 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(1):103-115
Neuropsychology Review - Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with impairments of cognitive functions, and cognitive training programs are thus rapidly developing in SUD treatment.... 相似文献