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G. Keith Humphrey Diane Skowbo Lawrence A. Symons Andrew M. Herbert Christina L. Grant 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,56(4):405-413
Five experiments reexamined color aftereffects contingent on the semantic properties of text (Allan, Siegel, Collins, & MacQueen, 1989). The influence of different assessment techniques and the effect of eye movements and overlapping contour information on the induction of color aftereffects by word and nonword letter strings were determined. Experiment 1 showed that no aftereffect was found when a traditional method of assessing color aftereffects was used. Experiments 2 and 4 demonstrated color aftereffects forboth words and nonwords, but only when subjects fixated the same locus during induction and testing and only when assessed with the technique described by Allan et al. (1989). If, however, eye movements were made during induction, no color aftereffect was obtained (Experiment 3). Induction to nontext patterns with properties similar to those of text but with fewer overlapping contours resulted in a strong color aftereffect (Experiment 5). These results suggest that the color aftereffect contingent on text is very weak and is not dependent on semantic factors, but that it is a product of induction to local color and orientation information. 相似文献
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Schroeder SR Oster-Granite ML Berkson G Bodfish JW Breese GR Cataldo MF Cook EH Crnic LS DeLeon I Fisher W Harris JC Horner RH Iwata B Jinnah HA King BH Lauder JM Lewis MH Newell K Nyhan WL Rojahn J Sackett GP Sandman C Symons F Tessel RE Thompson T Wong DF 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2001,7(1):3-12
This paper summarizes a conference held at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development on December 6-7, 1999, on self-injurious behavior [SIB] in developmental disabilities. Twenty-six of the top researchers in the U.S. from this field representing 13 different disciplines discussed environmental mechanisms, epidemiology, behavioral and pharmacological intervention strategies, neurochemical substrates, genetic syndromes in which SIB is a prominent behavioral phenotype, neurobiological and neurodevelopmental factors affecting SIB in humans as well as a variety of animal models of SIB. Findings over the last decade, especially new discoveries since 1995, were emphasized. SIB is a rapidly growing area of scientific interest to both basic and applied researchers. In many respects it is a model for the study of gene-brain-behavior relationships in developmental disabilities. 相似文献
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In experiment 1, pigeons were trained to match temporal (2, 8, and 10 s of houselight) and location (feeder light, left key,
center key illumination) samples to color comparison stimuli. Red choices were correct following the 2-s and feeder light,
orange choices were correct following the 8-s and center key, and green choices were correct following the 10-s and left key.
Samples that were harder to discriminate (8- vs 10-s, and left vs center key) were mapped onto comparisons that were easy
to discriminate (orange vs green), while samples that were easier to discriminate (2- vs 8-s, and feeder light vs left key)
were mapped onto comparisons that were hard to discriminate(red vs orange). The pattern of errors for temporal and location
samples indicated that these samples were not represented by a common code even though they were associated with the same
comparison stimuli. In experiment 2, the same pigeons were trained with visual samples in which samples that were hard to
discriminate (triangle vs circle) were mapped onto comparisons that were easy to discriminate (orange vs green), while samples
that were easy to discriminate(plus vs triangle) were mapped onto comparisons that were hard to discriminate (red vs orange).
Following acquisition of the visual discrimination, the temporal samples were re-introduced and many-to-one training was continued.
During delay testing, the pattern of errors for temporal and visual samples was equivalent and consistent with the hypothesis
that visual samples were being coded in terms of the duration appropriate for the temporal sample with which it shared a common
comparison response. Data from no-sample test sessions ruled out a simple response bias explanation of the data. The properties
of common codes for temporal and nontemporal events can be somewhat flexible and more complicated than previously envisaged.
Received: 21 January 1998 / Accepted after revision: 5 April 1998 相似文献
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Stephane Symons 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2008,68(4):379-398
This paper counterbalances Lacan's dictum that desire is structured like a signifying chain by highlighting his dependence on a biological understanding of the sexual drive. Reiterating (and reinterpreting) Freud's “leaning on”—hypothesis about the genesis of desire, Lacan maintains that the sexual drive originates in the vital function. His ideas about male and female sexuality most clearly presuppose a biological understanding of the sexual drive. At various times, Lacan blurs the lines of his own conceptual difference between phallus and penis, up to the point of reducing the difference between the sexes to an opposition. 相似文献
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John Symons 《Axiomathes》2008,18(1):67-89
Intuition serves a variety of roles in contemporary philosophy. This paper provides a historical discussion of the revival
of intuition in the 1970s, untangling some of the ways that intuition has been used and offering some suggestions concerning
its proper place in philosophical investigation. Contrary to some interpretations of the results of experimental philosophy,
it is argued that generalized skepticism with respect to intuition is unwarranted. Intuition can continue to play an important
role as part of a methodologically conservative stance towards philosophical investigation. I argue that methodological conservatism
should be sharply distinguished from the process of evaluating individual propositions. Nevertheless, intuition is not always
a reliable guide to truth and experimental philosophy can serve a vital ameliorative role in determining the scope and limits
of our intuitive competence with respect to various areas of inquiry.
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John SymonsEmail: |
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Auditory thresholds were determined in each subject on two different occasions, by a modified method of limits under 10 intensities of light. Coefficients of reliability and analyses of variance of the data showed significant reliability of responses to tones in introverts (I) and extraverts (E), under increasing intensities of light. The auditory responses were most reliable in I and least in ambiverts (A). The same visual stimuli produced the same effects on auditory sensitivity, in the same subjects, on different days. These effects included facilitation and inhibition of sensitivity in I, facilitation in E and A, and interaction of intensity conditions and personality type. 相似文献