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1.
The Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(4):1830-1836
In an early study in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, Rekers and Lovaas (1974) evaluated the Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex-role Behaviors in a Male Child. They investigated the use of reinforcement and punishment to target non-gender-conforming behaviors of a 5-year-old male child. This study was considered by some to be controversial and concerning, even near the time of publication (Nordyke et al. 1977; Winkler, 1977). The concerns focused on the ethicality of selecting non-gender-conforming behavior as a target response and the use of punishment for this type of response, particularly at the behest of parents when the young child was not seemingly distressed. The study has subsequently been used as empirical support for conversion therapy creating concerns about misinterpretation of the original article and harm to the LGBTQ+ community. This editorial reviews the concerns originally presented by Nordyke et al. (1977) and Winkler (1977) and issues an official Expression of Concern about the various harms that have been associated with this paper. 相似文献
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Ralph Wendell Burhoe 《Zygon》1988,23(4):417-430
Abstract. I concur with Williams that improving human ethics requires full consideration of the biogenetic facts; but I argue that the understanding of biogenetic facts, and of ethics also, can be improved by a fuller view of nature's mechanism for selecting what is fit, a view recently generated by physical scientists. For me ethics necessarily must fit the evolved genotype, but ethics does not emerge until the rise of cultural evolution, where nature selects a culturetype symbiotic with the genotype. I outline my integrated dynamics of the relation of culturetypes to genotypes and to the laws governing physical systems. The biologist's finding that a living organism is of transient significance compared with its lines of heritage and their consequences, I argue, is constructively important for ethical and theological understanding. 相似文献
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Ralph Hetherington 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1988,1(1):109-110
Using as examples, the problems encountered when counselling dyslexics and their families, Professor Miles has drawn attention to a number of interesting issues which are relevant not only in counselling dyslexics, but also in counselling in general and, indeed in all forms of intervention and the giving of advice. I propose to deal with just three of those, namely the relationship between the counsellor and clients, diagnostic labels and ‘brussel-sprout therapies’. 相似文献
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David Dooley Ralph Catalano Shiraz Mishra Seth Serxner 《Journal of applied social psychology》1992,22(6):451-470
We measured the relationship between earthquake concern and preparation in a community with high seismic risk. Five samples of approximately 800 people were interviewed by telephone about their earthquake concern, but this study focuses on the last two samples in which respondents reported their preparatory behaviors. The findings were consistent in showing greater likelihood of concern for those who had experienced an earthquake, were female, younger, and non-Anglo and a greater likelihood of preparation for those who had more concern, were married, and had lived longer at their present address. In a nonrecursive causal model, no evidence was found for a reciprocal effect of preparation on concern. These results were discussed in terms of health belief models including the self-efficacy and “stages of change” perspectives. Implications were drawn for interventions to increase preparation in ready-to-change groups and compensate for the resistance of those less willing or able to prepare. 相似文献
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Massey on fallacy and informal logic: A reply 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ralph H. Johnson 《Synthese》1989,80(3):407-426