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排序方式: 共有317条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study is an extension of previous observational work on the social ecology of dependence and independence in the institutionalized elderly. Observations of everyday, naturally occurring interactions between elderly residents of two different long-term institutions and their social partners were extended such that, aside from the identification of type of behavior, the dyadic form and continuity of each behavior was specified. The following were among the major results: (a) Previously found interaction patterns between elderly residents and their social partners, replicated in both a nursing home and a home for the chronically ill, supported the notion of discrepant social ecologies for dependent versus independent behaviors of residents: (b) specification of each behavioral act as to its dyadic form underscored the fact that the interactions were controlled largely by social partners and not by the elderly residents; (c) coding continuity or discontinuity of behavior suggested that independent behaviors were maintained by chaining; and (d) elderly residents in the home for the chronically ill evinced, as expected, more dependence-related behaviors. 相似文献
2.
J. Rainer Twiford 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1986,4(2):157-168
This article examines the social, historical, empirical, and legal issues surrounding the concept of joint custody which has now been accepted in over half of the states. Early results in joint custody states suggest that joint custody awards prove satisfactory to parents and children provided that the parents are able to cooperate in childrearing activities and that they live in close geographic proximity. General recommendations and guidelines for joint custody are presented. 相似文献
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Toward a Process Analysis of Emotions: The Case of Surprise 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on an earlier model of the processes elicited by surprising events, the present studies provide evidence for one of these processes, the evaluation of the surprising event's relevance for ongoing activities (action-relevance check). The central prediction tested was that, if unexpected events elicit among other processes an action-relevance check, then response delay on a concurrent task will be more pronounced in a condition where this process is more elaborate and hence takes more time. In accord with this prediction, Experiment 1 found that an unexpected appearance change of the imperative stimulus in a choice reaction time (RT) task caused greater response delay than an equivalent appearance change of a distractor stimulus. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and tested several additional predictions that concerned the effects on response delay of a second appearance change of either the imperative or the distractor stimuli. These predictions, which were also mostly confirmed, were derived by combining the logic underlying the first study with the assumption that once made, appraisals of unexpected events are stored as part of the situational schema and are reused when the same or similar events reoccur leading to an abbreviation of appraisal processes. Experiment 3 once more replicated the basic finding of the previous studies and ruled out a possible alternative explanation. It is suggested that the proposed RT method of process verification may be of broader interest as a tool to study appraisal processes in emotion. 相似文献
5.
J. Rainer Twiford 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1985,3(2):121-133
Although judges and legislators increasingly provide compensation for claims of emotional injury, laws have evolved in an arbitrary and inflexible fashion. A number of judicial barriers to these claims have been developed and applied in ways that unfairly prevent compensation. Likewise, frivolous claims are occasionally granted. Judicial and legislative approaches to this problem should involve enough flexibility to accommodate the facts peculiar to each case. A flexible approach is also responsive to the rapid developments that are occurring in the behavioral and medical sciences which are often consulted in solving disputes involving claims for emotional distress. 相似文献
6.
Rainer Schmidt 《Psychological research》1976,38(4):333-353
Summary Access to word-representations in memory was studied in two experiments. A lexical decision paradigm was used in both: Ss had to decide whether a string of letters shown to them was a word or a nonword. Decision time was the main dependent variable. Independent variables were context-similarity and context-intensity. The former is defined in terms of the categorical relationship that holds between a set of context-words and a subsequently presented test-word. The latter is defined by the number of highly related context-words, all sampled from a small semantic subcategory, that preceded the test-stimulus. In theory, the presentation of the context-words generates semantic excitation that spreads over memory and activates other memory representations. Differences in mean decision time, as a function of experimental conditions, are attributed to differences in the activation of test-words. Two hypotheses about the course or gradient of excitation-spread in lexical memory were studied. The results indicate that a simple spread-of-excitation hypothesis as proposed by Meyer, Schvaneveldt and Ruddy (1972, 1974) is sufficient to account for the data. For the conditions studied in the experiments, there was no reliable evidence of inhibitory processes that confine spread of excitation to a small region of lexical memory.This paper reports work that was conceived and begun at Stanford University, Calif., USA, where the author spent a year as a postdoctoral fellow. The fellowship was made possible by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, West Germany, Grant Schm 350/1. I thank Prof. Richard G. Atkinson and Dr. Stephan Monsell for discussing aspects of this work with me. I further thank Paul Matthews for introducing me to the art of running computerized experiments. 相似文献
7.
Rainer Dyckerhoff 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》1994,3(1):41-58
In expected utility many results have been derived that give necessary and/or sufficient conditions for a multivariate utility function to be decomposable into lower-dimensional functions. In particular, multilinear, multiplicative and additive decompositions have been widely discussed. These utility functions can be more easily assessed in practical situations. In this paper we present a theory of decomposition in the context of nonadditive expected utility such as anticipated utility or Choquet expected utility. We show that many of the results used in conventional expected utility carry over to these more general frameworks. If preferences over lotteries depend only on the marginal probability distributions, then in expected utility the utility function is additively decomposable. We show that in anticipated utility the marginality condition implies not only that the utility function is additively decomposable but also that the distortion function is the identity function. We further demonstrate that a decision maker who is bivariate risk neutral has a utility function that is additively decomposable and a distortion function q for which q(½) = ½. 相似文献
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9.
Ratings of affect words are the most commonly used method to assess pleasant affect (PA) and unpleasant affect (UA). The reliance on self-reports would be problematic if affect ratings were heavily influenced by response styles. Several recent publications have indeed suggested (a) that the influence of response styles on affect ratings is pervasive, (b) that this influence can be controlled by variations of the response format using multitrait-multimethod models, and (c) the discriminant validity of PA and UA is spurious. In this article, we examined the evidence for these claims. We demonstrate that (a) response styles have a negligible effect on affect ratings, (b) multiple response formats produce the same results as a single response format, and (c) the discriminant validity of PA and UA is not a method artifact. Rather, evidence against discriminant validity is due to the use of inappropriate response formats that respondents interpreted as bipolar scales. 相似文献
10.
Zusammenfassung Die Außendarstellung im Internet ist wichtig und in der Zukunft unverzichtbar. Jedoch hat die Liberalisierung des Werberechts der freien Berufe keineswegs zur absoluten Schrankenlosigkeit geführt. Vielmehr sind die zu beachtenden Regeln auf verschiedene Gesetze und Rechtsgebiete verstreut, so dass ohne fachkundige Hilfe—etwa durch die Kammern oder durch juristische Beratung—die Selbstdarstellung im Internet schnell zu einem bösen Erwachen führen kann.
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Till HausdorfEmail: |