排序方式: 共有41条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Marcinkowska Anna B. Mankowska Natalia D. Kot Jacek Winklewski Pawel J. 《Neuropsychology review》2022,32(1):99-126
Neuropsychology Review - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a modality of treatment in which patients inhale 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber pressurised to greater than 1... 相似文献
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Pawel Kapusta 《国际科学哲学研究》2010,24(4):443-446
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Bernd Simon Pawel Mlicki Lucy Johnston Antonio Caetano Miroslaw Warowicki Ad Van Knippenberg Richard Deridder 《European journal of social psychology》1990,20(6):519-523
An experiment (n = 61) investigated the effects of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity on ingroup favouritism, stereotyping and the overestimation of relative ingroup size. As predicted, outgroup homogeneity was conducive to ingroup favouritism. Ingroup homogeneity, however, failed to influence ingroup favouritism. Also unexpectedly, asymmetry in group homogeneity — irrespective of whether the ingroup or the outgroup was the more homogeneous group — led to pronounced stereotyping of both groups and to the overestimation of relative ingroup size. 相似文献
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A new machine learning approach known as motivated learning (ML) is presented in this work. Motivated learning drives a machine to develop abstract motivations and choose its own goals. ML also provides a self-organizing system that controls a machine’s behavior based on competition between dynamically-changing pain signals. This provides an interplay of externally driven and internally generated control signals. It is demonstrated that ML not only yields a more sophisticated learning mechanism and system of values than reinforcement learning (RL), but is also more efficient in learning complex relations and delivers better performance than RL in dynamically-changing environments. In addition, this paper shows the basic neural network structures used to create abstract motivations, higher level goals, and subgoals. Finally, simulation results show comparisons between ML and RL in environments of gradually increasing sophistication and levels of difficulty. 相似文献
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Allison A. M. Bielak 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2017,24(4):435-452
Given the limitations associated with assessing activity engagement via the frequency of specific activities, it may be valuable to consider the characteristics of an activity. The method of asking individuals to report the amount of time spent engaging in activities that have certain characteristics was compared to a specific activity questionnaire, and a daily diary regarding their relation to cognitive functioning. Participants 60–90 years old (n = 187) completed the activity measurement methods and a series of cognitive tasks. Structural equation models showed that all three activity methods were predictive of adults’ cognitive performance, but no measure predicted all outcomes. Each activity measure provided unique information. Notably, the combination of the measurement types predicted more variance than any of the measures alone. There is additional power to predict cognition when multiple activity measurement methods are used, and daily assessment can be a valuable tool to augment traditional specific activity questionnaires. 相似文献
7.
Moscovitch DA Gavric DL Merrifield C Bielak T Moscovitch M 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,(8):505-517
High (n = 41) and low (n = 39) socially anxious (SA) participants completed the Waterloo Images and Memories Interview (WIMI), a new assessment tool that measures the accessibility and properties of mental images and associated autobiographical memories that individuals may experience across both anxiety-provoking (negative) and non-anxiety-provoking (positive) social situations. Results indicated that both high and low SA individuals experience negative images and associated autobiographical memories in anxiety-provoking social situations, but the rates of endorsement of such images and memories among high SA participants were substantially lower than those reported in recent studies. Moreover, whereas low SA individuals were capable of accessing a relatively balanced array of both negative and positive self-representations that were rich in episodic detail, high SA individuals retrieved a higher, more unbalanced ratio of negative-to-positive images and memories, as well as impoverished positive images that were significantly degraded in episodic detail. Finally, negative images influenced the two groups differently, with high SA individuals experiencing more negative emotional and cognitive consequences associated with bringing such images to mind. These results are discussed in relation to theoretical models of learning and memory within the context of contemporary cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety. 相似文献
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Fudalej S Ilgen M Fudalej M Kostrzewa G Barry K Wojnar M Krajewski P Blow F Ploski R 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(6):553-560
The association between suicide and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1386483) was examined in the recently identified tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene. Blood samples of 143 suicide victims and 162 age- and sex-matched controls were examined. The frequency of the TT genotype in the TPH2 polymorphism was higher in suicide victims than in controls (17.5% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.02), particularly in those with a history of repeated suicide attempts (53.3% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.0001). The examined TPH2 polymorphism was found to be associated with suicide. This genetic marker may be particularly important in understanding risk of multiple suicide attempts. Further analyses are needed to confirm these results. 相似文献
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Pawel Lewicki 《European journal of social psychology》1984,14(2):183-190
The early social experiences of firstborn, laterborn, and only children were analyzed from the viewpoint of how those experiences influence the child's general image of human nature. It was hypothesized that there are some differences in the centrality of an evaluative dimension, that are related to birth order. Subjects in Poland and in the United States rated 20 known stimulus persons on 25 trait dimensions. The results supported the hypotheses and seem to point to some origins of individual differences in certain person perception processes. 相似文献
10.
Gauthier I Curby KM Skudlarski P Epstein RA 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(2):222-234
The brain processes images at different spatial scales, but it is unclear how far into the visual stream different scales
remain segregated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found evidence that BOLD activity in the fusiform face
area (FFA) reflects computations based on separate spatial frequency inputs. When subjects perform different tasks (attend
location vs. identity; attend whole vs. parts) or the same task with different stimuli (upright or inverted) with high- and
low-pass images of cars and faces, individual differences in the FFA in one condition are correlated with those in the other
condition. However, FFA activity in response to low-pass stimuli is independent of its response to highpass stimuli. These
results suggest that spatial scales are not integrated before the FFA and that processing in this area could support the flexible
use of different sources of information present in broad-pass images. 相似文献