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从主要内容及特色表现入手,对《进化心理学》一书的结构及所涉及的几个主题进行了简要的介绍和探讨,并指出了本书的价值所在以及未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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A longitudinal study and a training study were conducted to show that simply referring to others facilitated theory of mind (ToM) development in Chinese children. In Study 1, 3- to 4-year-old Chinese children (N = 52) were tested on ToM and autobiographical memory (AM). One year later, in the group of children who initially failed the false belief tasks, only those who increased their references to others in AM recall passed the tasks. In Study 2, Chinese preschoolers who were trained to talk about others through storytelling showed improvement in their ToM performance. These findings suggest alternative pathways for ToM development in non-Euro-American context. 相似文献
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Y.F. Heerkens R.D. Woittiez P.A. Huijing G.J. van Ingen Schenau R.H. Rozendal A. Huson 《Human movement science》1985,4(3):167-188
The passive resistance of the knee to angular motion in the flexion-extension plane was investigated in groups of healthy males (n = 29) and females (n = 20). ‘Least square’ fitting procedures proved to be reliable for approximating the equilibrium angle of the knee and variables of the moment/angle diagrams. To assess the influence of the dimensions of the lower limb on the resistance of the knee, a multiple regression analysis was performed, using seven dimensional parameters of the lower limb. The results indicate that for males 35–77% (mean 58%) of the total variance is accounted for by the dimensional parameters. For females this range is 9–74% (mean 44%). Differences between males and females exist in all selected resistance variables. To decrease the influence of dimensional parameters, the slopes of the exponential curves relating moment and knee angle are expressed as percentages of the absolute moment values. When the values of these ‘relative slopes’ are used, differences between males and females become less in flexion and are absent when the knee is extended. These results indicate that male-female differences can partly be ascribed to differences in dimensions. 相似文献
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Antidepressants, in particular newer agents, are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide with annual sales
of billions of dollars. The introduction of these agents in the market has passed through seemingly strict regulatory control.
Over a thousand randomized trials have been conducted with antidepressants. Statistically significant benefits have been repeatedly
demonstrated and the medical literature is flooded with several hundreds of "positive" trials (both pre-approval and post-approval).
However, two recent meta-analyses question this picture. The first meta-analysis used data that were submitted to FDA for
the approval of 12 antidepressant drugs. While only half of these trials had formally significant effectiveness, published
reports almost ubiquitously claimed significant results. "Negative" trials were either left unpublished or were distorted
to present "positive" results. The average benefit of these drugs based on the FDA data was of small magnitude, while the
published literature suggested larger benefits. A second meta-analysis using also FDA-submitted data examined the relationship
between treatment effect and baseline severity of depression. Drug-placebo differences increased with increasing baseline
severity and the difference became large enough to be clinically important only in the very small minority of patient populations
with severe major depression. In severe major depression, antidepressants did not become more effective, simply placebo lost
effectiveness. These data suggest that antidepressants may be less effective than their wide marketing suggests. Short-term
benefits are small and long-term balance of benefits and harms is understudied. I discuss how the use of many small randomized
trials with clinically non-relevant outcomes, improper interpretation of statistical significance, manipulated study design,
biased selection of study populations, short follow-up, and selective and distorted reporting of results has built and nourished
a seemingly evidence-based myth on antidepressant effectiveness and how higher evidence standards, with very large long-term
trials and careful prospective meta-analyses of individual-level data may reach closer to the truth and clinically useful
evidence. 相似文献
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Lili Tian Huihui Chen Lejie Zhu Dahua Tang E. Scott Huebner Ying Yang Huijing Yang 《Journal of business and psychology》2017,32(4):441-453
Purpose
Based on crossover theory and the actor-partner interdependence model, the purpose of this study was to investigate the crossover process of work engagement among Chinese dual-working couples.Design/Methodology/Approach
Fifty-one dual-working couples first completed a general questionnaire to collect basic demographic information and then completed a weekly diary over five consecutive work weeks.Findings
The results of multilevel analyses showed that (1) actor’s work engagement had a significant impact on his or her own work performance, (2) communication quality between the dual-working couples moderated the crossover of work engagement, but this effect was only found from husbands to wives and when women scored high on communication quality, (3) when men were treated as actors, the actor’s work engagement interacted with communication quality to relate to the partner’s work performance, through the mediating mechanism of the partner’s work engagement.Implications
Dual-working couples should communicate with each other frequently through sharing positive experiences, and each member of the couple should support the partner through concrete actions. Organizations should adequately facilitate employees’ engagement, as engaged employees can not only positively influence their colleagues but also their partners at home.Originality/Value
Previous research on work engagement has focused mainly on static and cross-sectional studies, and most studies on crossover have been conducted primarily in the context of western cultures, whereas systematic and empirical study of oriental cultures, especially Chinese cultures, is relatively scarce. The current study explored the crossover process of work engagement among Chinese dual-working couples using a diary study methodology.8.
Mamta?Swaroop Sagar?C?Galwankar Stanislaw?PA?Stawicki Jayaraj?M?Balakrishnan Tamara?Worlton Ravi?S?Tripathi David?P?Bahner Sanjeev?Bhoi Colin?Kaide Thomas?J?PapadimosEmail author 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2014,9(1):8
INDUS-EM is India’s only level one conference imparting and exchanging quality knowledge in acute care. Specifically, in general and specialized emergency care and training in trauma, burns, cardiac, stroke, environmental and disaster medicine. It provides a series of exchanges regarding academic development and implementation of training tools related to developing future academic faculty and residents in Emergency Medicine in India. The INDUS-EM leadership and board of directors invited scholars from multiple institutions to participate in this advanced educational symposium that was held in Thrissur, Kerala in October 2013. 相似文献
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