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Steiner D 《Science and engineering ethics》1996,2(4):457-468
Individual and institutional conflict of interests in biomedical research have becomes matters of increasing concern in recent
years. In the United States, the growth in relationships — sponsored research agreements, consultancies, memberships on boards,
licensing agreements, and equity ownership — between for-profit corporations and research universities and their scientists
has made the problem of conflicts, particularly financial conflicts, more acute. Conflicts can interfere with or compromise
important principles and obligations of researchers and their institutions, e.g., adherence to accepted research norms, duty
of care to patients, and open exchange of information. Disclosure is a key component of a successful conflict policy. Commitments
which conflict with a faculty member's primary obligations to teaching, research, administrative responsibilities, or patient
care also need attention. Institutional conflict of interests present different problems, some of which are discussed in an
analysis of an actual problem posed by two proposed clinical trials.
This paper is adapted from a lecture presented to a Symposium on Scientific Integrity, Warsaw, Poland, 23 November 1995.
Daniel Steiner was Vice-President and General Counsel of Harvard University (1972–92) and in that capacity became familiar
with conflict of interest issues. He is currently Counsel to the Boston law firm. Ropes and Gray, and is Adjunct Lecturer
in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government. Harvard University. 相似文献
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Kishore RR 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):175-183
Almost all ethical guidelines and legislative policies concerning biomedical research involving human subjects contain provisions
about relevance of research for the participating populations, informed consent, adequate care for research induced injuries
and several other safeguards but the poor continue to suffer. Globalization has further aggravated poor people’s vulnerability
by exposing them to international markets. Since the developing countries are abode of higher population of the poor they
have become the unholy mines of this human ore for researchers. In this paper I examine various dimensions of poverty and
analyze the international ethical responses in the area of biomedical research involving human subjects in order to determine
their adequacy to protect the poor against exploitation and misuse and conclude that in view of the poor’s inherent and extreme
vulnerability and the failure of ethical pronouncements to protect them from misuse and exploitation, they should be excluded
from being enrolled as research subjects
This paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible Conduct of Basic
and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
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Jane Pirkis PhD Luke Neal LLM Andrew Dare MPhil R. Warwick Blood PhD David Studdert LLB ScD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(2):190-193
There are worldwide concerns that pro‐suicide web sites may trigger suicidal behaviors among vulnerable individuals. In 2006, A ustralia became the first country to criminalize such sites, sparking heated debate. Concerns were expressed that the law casts the criminal net too widely; inappropriately interferes with the autonomy of those who wish to die; and has jurisdictional limitations, with off‐shore web sites remaining largely immune. Conversely, proponents point out that the law may limit access to domestic pro‐suicide web sites, raise awareness of Internet‐related suicide, mobilize community efforts to combat it, and serve as a powerful expression of societal norms about the promotion of suicidal behavior. 相似文献
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