Sense of Competence and Beliefs About Parental Roles in Mothers and Fathers as Predictors of Coparenting and Child Engagement in Mother–Father–Infant Triadic Interactions

The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which a sense of competence and beliefs about parental roles in mothers and fathers influence coparenting and child engagement in triadic interactions during the first 2 years of the child's life, after other influential variables such as marital satisfaction and postpartum depression have been controlled for. The sample constituted 69 mother–father–infant families, whose sense of competence, beliefs in parental roles, postpartum depression, and marital satisfaction were assessed in our laboratory at 3, 9, and 18 months with self‐reported questionnaires. Coparenting support and conflict and child engagement were assessed with the Lausanne Trilogue Play. Results show that (i) predictors of coparenting and child engagement are not the same at each time point; (ii) a sense of competence in mothers is positively linked with coparenting support, particularly at 3 months, whereas in fathers, it is negatively linked with support, particularly at 18 months; (iii) discrepancies between mothers and fathers in beliefs about the importance of the mother's role is the main predictor of coparenting conflict at 18 months; and (iv) paternal beliefs about the importance of the father's and mother's roles are the main predictor of child engagement at 18 months. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cultural Blankets: Epistemological Pluralism in the Evolutionary Epistemology of Mechanisms

Journal for General Philosophy of Science - In a recently published paper, we argued that theories of cultural evolution can gain explanatory power by being more pluralistic. In his reply to it,...     

Latin America 1520–1600: a page in the history of the study of religion

This article examines the texts written by the first generation of missionaries on the beliefs and mores of the indigenous people of what came to be called Mexico and Peru, supplemented by some accounts written by travelers in Brazil. These works claimed to put forward knowledge about ‘the others’. It is argued that they were important precursors for the study of religion and should receive more attention as such. The issue of location is shown to be always present in this early material, along with the biological notion of hybridization. The conclusion asks whether the contemporary pursuit of knowledge can move from the biological unity of the human race to a view of the race as a social whole with common interests.     

Monitoring the effects of adult psychotherapy in routine practice in Switzerland: A feasibility trial

Background: Several studies have been published on the effects of psychotherapy in routine practice. Complementing traditional views summarised as ‘dose‐effect models’, Stiles et al. put forward data consistent with the responsive regulation model underlining the importance of the client's active participant role in defining length of treatment. One may ask what level of change reached by a patient is considered to be the ‘good enough level’ (GEL) and if it is related to the duration of psychotherapy. Aims: The main objective of the present feasibility trial was to monitor the patient's session‐by‐session evolution using a self‐report questionnaire in order to define the GEL, i.e. the number of sessions necessary for the patient to reach significant change. Method: A total of N=13 patients undergoing psychotherapy in routine practice participated in the study, completing the Outcome Questionnaire – 45.2 (OQ‐45), which assesses the symptom level, interpersonal relationships and social role after every psychotherapy session. The data was analysed using multi‐level analyses (HLMs). Results: High feasibility of fine‐grained assessment of effects of psychotherapy in routine practice in Switzerland was shown; response rates being acceptable; however, detailed analysis of the GEL was not feasible within the short study time‐frame. Conclusions: Reflections on the political context of monitoring in the specific case of routine psychiatric practice in Switzerland are discussed.     

Replies to Donald Wiebe on the world academy of religion

W. Owen Cole ed., Comparative religions—A modern textbook, London, Blandford Press 1982, 256 pp. £6.95

Ake Hultkrantz, Belief and worship in native North America, edited, with an introduction, by Christopher Vecsey. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press 1981, xxvii + 330 pp. $30

Richard C. Martin, Islam: A cultural perspective, Prentice-Hall series in world religions, Prentice-Hall International 1982. 178 pp. £5.95

A. Rosalie David, A guide to religious ritual at Abydos, modern egyptology series, Aris and Philips Ltd. 1981. xiv + 182 pp

W. Owen Cole, The guru in Sikhism, London, Darton Longman and Todd 1982. 128 pp. £3.95     

From neurodiversity to neurodivergence: the role of epistemic and cognitive marginalization

Synthese - Diversity is an undeniable fact of nature (Gaston and Spicer in Biodiversity: an introduction. Wiley, Hoboken, 2004), and there is now evidence that nature did not stop generating...     

L’entretien motivationnel,une nouvelle « panacée » dans la prise en charge de patients toxicodépendants ? Une revue de littérature

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic style well established in the field of treatment of substance disorders. It is defined as “a client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving client ambivalence” (Miller, W.R., Rollnick, S., 2002. Motivational interviewing: preparing people for change. The Guilford Press, New York, p. 25). After a brief theoretical introduction, this article proposes a review of efficacy and efficiency studies on motivational interviewing for substance abuse. Despite the growing evidence indicating that MI is effective, few studies have examined how MI exerts its effects (search for “active ingredients”). Some hypotheses about its mode of action are reviewed.     

Integrating core conflictual relationship themes in neurobiological assessment of interpersonal processes in psychotherapy

Interpersonal processes are a key target in counselling and psychotherapy. It is of paramount importance to sharpen their assessment using integrated methods. Hence, this methodological paper describes how fields of research in psychotherapy and neuroimaging can be integrated into one novel complementary neurobehavioural paradigm that can be applied to enhance our understanding of interpersonal processes in psychotherapy. To illustrate this integration, we present selected data from a pre–post pilot study where the authors assessed interpersonal processes in brief treatment for borderline personality disorder using the core conflictual relationship theme, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and outcome questionnaires. To do so, they measured individual changes in neural activity using an fMRI task pre‐ and post‐treatment where clients gave feedback on the emotional valence of sentences extracted from their own Relationship Anecdotes Paradigm interviews mixed with neutral ones. In this paper, using data from two participants of said study, we discuss how to implement this methodology and what can be achieved in terms of results.