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Jannis Liedtke Dagmar Werdenich Gyula K. Gajdon Ludwig Huber Ralf Wanker 《Animal cognition》2011,14(1):143-149
The trap-tube task has become a benchmark test for investigating physical causality in vertebrates. In this task, subjects
have to retrieve food out of a horizontal tube using a tool and avoiding a trap hole in the tube. Great apes and corvids succeeded
in this task. Parrots with relative brain volumes comparable to those of corvids and primates also demonstrate high cognitive
abilities. We therefore tested macaws, a cockatoo, and keas on the trap-tube paradigm. All nine parrots failed to solve the
task. In a simplified task, trap tubes with a slot inserted along the top were offered. The slot allowed the birds to move
the reward directly with their bills. All but one individual solved this task by lifting the food over the trap. However,
the parrots failed again when they were prevented from lifting the reward, although they anticipated that food will be lost
when moved into the trap. We do not think that the demanding use of an external object is the main reason for the parrots’
failure. Moreover, we suppose these parrots fail to consider the trap’s position in the beginning of a trial and were not
able to stop their behaviour and move the reward in the trap’s opposite direction. 相似文献
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We examined state evaluation anxiety, trait evaluation anxiety, and neuroticism in relation to New Zealand first-year university students’ (n = 234) task performance on either a... 相似文献
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Kraiss Jannis Redelinghuys Kleinjan Weiss Laura. A. 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2022,23(7):3655-3689
Journal of Happiness Studies - The last decades experienced a rapid growth in the number of studies examining the effects of psychological interventions on well-being, yet well-being is often... 相似文献
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