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The Psychological Record - 相似文献
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The Psychological Record - 相似文献
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Jaan Valsiner 《International journal of psychology》1984,19(1-4):363-389
The concept of intelligence is analyzed in this article from the standpoint of social attributions, related to the meanings of intelligence-terms in language. In various non-Western cultures, the meaning of “intelligence ”includes characteristics of social transaction, along with cognitive characteristics. This cultural relativity of the meaning of “intelligence ”pinpoints the difficulties in the building of a general theory of intelligence on the basis of the meaning of “intelligence ”in the common sense of a given culture. Psychology's task is to transcend the limitations of the common sense of the background culture of the psychologists, instead of proposing theories based on the culture-specific common sense. The article outlines three types of causal attributions (internal, external, relationship) and two ways of conceptualizing the causes (static and dynamic). In psychology, as well as in the common sense of laymen from different cultures, intelligence has been traditionally conceptualized in terms of static internal causal attribution. At times, cultures' folkways have provided the basis for attributing intelligence to the personified environment of the person. An ecological reconceptualization of intelligence in terms of a dynamic person-environment causal attribution is proposed in the paper. If intelligence is conceptualized as a dynamic relationship between the actor and the environment, in the activity of goal-directed problem-solving, then it cannot be attributed to either the person, or the environment. This ecological conceptualization of intelligence is based on the theoretical heritage of Lewin, Brunswick, Vygotsky and Köhler. The article emphasizes the necessity of thinking about intelligence within a comparative-cultural perspective. 相似文献
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Two same-different discrimination experiments were performed for click patterns having a total duration of about 4 sec and interclick intervals ofn × 250 msec, withn a random integer. In Experiment 1, the influence of the physical click group structure on discrimination performance was investigated. In Experiment 2, the effect of the strength of an induced internal clock on discrimination performance was measured. Performance was poor if the group structure of clicks was maintained during a change in click pattern and also if the induced infernal clack strength was low. The performance of about 70% of the subjects improved significantly if either a change in click grouping structure occurred or a strong internal clock could be induced. These results cannot be accounted for with simple models based an single-interval duration discrimination or between-pattern correlation statistics. 相似文献
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Disputes about the origins of psychology in the history of the discipline are functional not for our understanding of the past, but as normative signs that regulate the construction of ideas in the future. We introduce the notion of open-ended normativity that regulates the development of a given discipline towards its future. Hence the question of the cultural origins of psychology becomes contested in the 21st century as an important topic. It proves that the history of psychology is an active participant in the making of psychology, as it is creating its future. 相似文献
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Jaan Valsiner 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2009,43(1):1-21
Since the new beginning in 2007 of Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science we have brought out to the open both the reasons why the ever-widening research enterprise in psychology has largely failed
to produce general knowledge, and to point to promising new directions in the field. The post-modernist turn in psychology
is now over, and it is an interesting task to return to creating a universal science of psychology that is context-sensitive,
and culture-inclusive. The latter goal entails a renewed focus upon qualitative analyses of time-based processes, close attention
to the phenomena under study, and systematic (single-system-based—usually labeled idiographic) focus in empirical investigations. Through these three pathways centrality of human experiencing of culturally constructed
worlds is restored as the core of psychological science. Universal principles are evident in each and every single case. Transcending
post-modernist deconstruction of science happens through active international participation and a renewed focus on creating
general theories. Contemporary psychology is global in ways that no longer can any country’s socio-political world view dominate
the field. Such international equality of contributions grants innovation of the core of the discipline, and safeguards it
against assuming any single cultural myth-story as the axiomatic basis for the discipline.
Jaan Valsiner is the Editor-in-Chief of this Journal, as well as of Sage Journal Culture & Psychology (since 1995). He concentrates in his work on the relevance of theory in psychology. 相似文献
Jaan ValsinerEmail: |
Jaan Valsiner is the Editor-in-Chief of this Journal, as well as of Sage Journal Culture & Psychology (since 1995). He concentrates in his work on the relevance of theory in psychology. 相似文献
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Jaan Valsiner 《Studies in East European Thought》1989,37(3):205-215
A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the 19th National Convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Boston, November, 5, 1987. 相似文献
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Popplestone John A. Lichtenstein Parker E. Hoppe Richard B. Mahan Harry C. Valsiner Jaan 《The Psychological record》1987,37(1):135-143
The Psychological Record - 相似文献
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Jaan Pill 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1988,13(6):385-398
This article features a personal evaluation of two treatment methods for stuttering, the Precision Fluency Shaping Program (PFSP) (Webster, 1990; 1986), and the Comprehensive Stuttering Program (CSP) (Boberg and Kully, 1985). The CSP program is described as promoting natural-sounding speech by focusing, from the outset, on smooth blending of syllables or within breath groups. The PFSP program is described as tending to focus on syllables or words in isolation, particularly during early stages of instruction. In addition, the Boberg/ Kully program featured individualized instruction by a series of clinicians interacting with clients in accordance with a rotating schedule. In contrast, the PFSP program emphasized solitary interaction with a voice monitor and client manual. Differences in timing of instruction and calculation of speech rates are discussed. Treatment refinements are suggested, including enhanced precision in distinguishing between soft phrase onsets on individual words. 相似文献
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Valsiner J 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2007,41(3-4):219-224
This Special Issue on gender brings the issues of feelings about gender role boundaries to the forefront of our inquiries. Boundaries are the domains where psychological processes act- they function as membranes (in the biological sense). The use of boundary notion in psychological theorizing may take the discipline beyond its current projection of essentialist causal agents into the human psyche. 相似文献