Evidence of the climb motion of a Shockley partial during glide at room temperature

A dissociated dislocation introduced by compression at room temperature in a Ag-15at.%Al alloy was studied comprehensively by the weak-beam method. In addition to the two Shockley partials of the dissociated dislocation, faint contrasts were observed near the Shockley partial with pure edge orientation. Contrast experiment was carried out on the faint contrast, and we conclude that this is evidence for the interaction between an edge-orientated Shockley partial moving under the action of an applied stress and vacancies at room temperature.     

Toughening of a brittle material by means of dislocation subboundaries

A novel technique to toughen brittle materials has been developed. Surfaces of a brittle material were damaged at room temperature, followed by annealing at a high temperature. During annealing, cracks, which were introduced during surface damage, disappear and dislocation subboundaries are formed. This treatment improves the fracture toughness K_Ic by a factor of two.     

Electron-microscope study of a non-stoichiometric phase in InSb heated in a vacuum

Abstract

When thin-foil specimens of InSb are heated in the vacuum of an electron microscope, a depletion of Sb takes place because of the preferential evaporation of Sb. This results in the formation of a novel non-stoichiometric (In-rich) solid phase having a cubic structure with a lattice parameter of 5·9 Å, which is about 10% smaller than that of InSb. It has been shown that the twin-orientation relationship exists between the matrix and the non-stoichiometric phase.     

Emotional and personality-related aspects of persistent career decision-making difficulties

This study focused on examining the persistent aspects of career decision-making difficulties, using the Emotional and Personality-related Career decision-making Difficulties scale (EPCD; [Saka, N., Gati, I., & Kelly, K.R. (in press). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment]). The contribution of four personality measures—general indecisiveness, self-esteem, trait anxiety, and identity status—to the prediction of persistent career decision-making difficulties was tested on 747 students, using a longitudinal design. Results indicated that individuals with high EPCD scores at the beginning of the academic school year had less confidence in their choice and were less close to making a decision about the major into which they wanted to be admitted at the end of the year. The moderate correlations between the EPCD score and the four personality measures supported the validity of the EPCD. Implications for counseling and future research are discussed.     

Early identification of mental health problems in schools: The status of instrumentation

When embedded within a continuum of mental health services including both prevention and treatment, school-based mental health identification programs can promote improved academic and mental health functioning among students. This article describes the scientific status of assessment instrumentation that may be used for early mental health identification in schools. Currently available instruments are described in terms of their ability to accurately detect youth with mental health problems. Implications for selecting mental health screening and assessment instruments and integrating them into schools are discussed. Finally, a range of approaches to early identification in schools as well as some of the broader ethical and practical issues related to the integration of these strategies into a school-wide continuum of services are presented.     

Shuffle-set dislocation nucleation in semiconductor silicon device

We have found that a shuffle-set dislocation is nucleated in a semiconductor silicon device subjected to severe thermal processing. The dislocation transforms into a dissociated glide-set dislocation after annealing at 500°C. A possible mechanism for the nucleation of a perfect shuffle-set dislocation during thermal processing is that the dislocation nucleus was nucleated at a low temperature during prior ion-implantation processing.     

The mechanical properties and dislocation structure of a LaNi5 alloy

A LaNi5 alloy was deformed in compression at high temperatures. Below 850 degrees C, it is brittle but, above 900 degrees C, it showed plasticity. The thermodynamic parameters for plastic deformation have been determined. The dislocation structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the Burgers vectors determined without ambiguity. It is concluded that plastic deformation of this alloy at high temperatures is controlled by a Peierls mechanism.     

Relationships between Turkish Eighth-Grade Students’ Oral Reading Efficacy,Reading Comprehension and Achievement Scores on a High-Stakes Achievement Test

The present study aimed to explore the relation between students’ oral reading efficacy, reading comprehension, and academic performance on a nationwide high school placement exam (TEOG). The students were selected from a public middle school. The students’ oral reading efficacy, comprehension, and TEOG achievement scores were obtained to figure out the relations between them. The students’ TEOG results were obtained from the school administration. The findings revealed that there were statistically significant relations between oral reading efficacy, reading comprehension and TEOG achievements. Particularly, students’ reading comprehension and accuracy skills together explained 57% of variance in overall TEOG achievements.     

From Demonization to Identification: How Parents Who Lost Children in Terrorist Attacks Perceive the Attacker

The aim of this article is to examine how bereaved parents who lost children in terrorist attacks in Israel perceive the terrorist attack perpetrators. Forty bereaved parents were interviewed using a semistructured in-depth interview. The content analysis revealed a typology of reactions to the Arab attackers that included perceiving them as objects of anger, hate, and revenge; as demons; as negligible; and as people with whom they could identify. The way bereaved parents perceive the Arab attackers serves as a coping resource. Follow-up research to examine the efficacy of the different types of reactions towards attackers would contribute to gaining a deeper understanding of the coping process that bereaved parents experience.