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1.
The frequency of self-reported nocturnal bruxism in three large samples of college undergraduates was compared as a means of assessing change in the incidence of this disorder since 1966. We found the incidence of nocturnal bruxism had increased from 5.1% to 20.5% in college students over the period covered by these studies. 相似文献
2.
An Unwillingness to Act: Behavioral Appropriateness, Situational Constraint, and Self-Efficacy in Shyness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gretchen J. Hill 《Journal of personality》1989,57(4):871-890
ABSTRACT Three reasons for the failure to demonstrate social skills were examined in an attempt to integrate social skills deficit and dysfunctional cognition approaches to self-labeled shyness To assess social skills knowledge, the willingness to demonstrate such knowledge, and self-efficacy expectations for enacting social behaviors, 40 shy and 40 nonshy adults were asked to judge the appropriateness of situated behaviors and indicate whether they characteristically enacted and felt capable of producing them Results suggested that shys may be unaware of the appropriateness of some behaviors in some situations, however, shys and nonshys more often agree on behavioral appropriateness standards Compared to nonshys, shys are less likely to enact social behaviors and tend to have low self-efficacy It was suggested that shys' self-awareness of characteristic responses and low self-efficacy expectations may contribute to failures to demonstrate social skills knowledge 相似文献
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Wayne Fisher Cathleen Piazza Michael Cataldo Robert Harrell Gretchen Jefferson Robert Conner 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(1):23-36
Functional communication training has been reported to be a promising treatment for severe behavior problems. In this study, functional communication training alone and combined with extinction and/or punishment was evaluated for 4 clients with severe retardation, behavior problems, and communication deficits. The participants were inpatients on a hospital unit for treatment of severe behavior disorders. They received individualized interventions based on functional assessment that included reinforcement of a communication response with the same function as their destructive behavior. Results showed that for some patients, functional communication training was not sufficient to produce clinically significant reductions in destructive behavior, and the combination of training plus punishment produced the largest and most consistent reductions. 相似文献
7.
An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Gretchen M. Spreitzer 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(5):601-629
A comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace posits that empowerment mediates the relationship between
the social structural context and behavioral outcomes. The social structural context is operationalized as perceptions of
role ambiguity, sociopolitical support, access to strategic information and resources, and work unit culture, whereas behavioral
outcomes are operationalized as innovativeness and effectiveness. The model is examined on a sample of 324 middle managers
from different units of a Fortune 50 organization. Survey data are examined using a series of regression analyses to assess
the mediating effect of intrapersonal. Results suggest that intrapersonal empowerment mediates the relationship between some
elements of workplace social structure and innovativeness, but not effectiveness. Although not a mediating mechanism for effectiveness,
intrapersonal empowerment is nonetheless directly related to effectiveness (as assessed by the respondent's subordinates).
Implications of the results are discussed as are study limitations and directions for future research.
This paper is based on the author's dissertation, presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the doctoral degree
at the University of Michigan. I am grateful to my dissertation committee which included Robert E. Quinn (chair), Susan Ashford,
Richard Bagozzi, Karl Weick, and Marc Zimmerman for their thoughtful guidance. Thanks is also extended to Neil Sendelbach
for his help in facilitating data collection. The University of Michigan and the University of Southern California both provided
financial support for this research. This paper was prepared while the author was a Zumberge Fellow at the University of Southern
California. 相似文献
8.
Experiment 1 established the linear ordering of performance and rated difficulty of three finger-sequencing tasks. Experiment 2 embedded these tasks within a dual-task paradigm employing vocalization of words and nonwords as concurrent activities. Concurrent vocal activity interfered with right-more than with left handed performance, and this lateralized interference effect increased monotonically with increased sequence difficulty. Results are discussed in terms of hemispheric sharing of dual task performance control. 相似文献
9.
Literature was reviewed concerning lateral asymmetries of brain and behavior in normal and pathological populations of left-and right-handers. Cerebral asymmetries of structure and function are less pronounced in left-handers as a group than in right-handers as a group, and variability is greater in left-handers. 相似文献
10.
Coping with a major stressor: differences between habitual short- and longer-sleepers. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We compared the coping strategies of 39 short-sleepers and 33 longer-sleepers to the stresses associated with the October 17, 1989 San Francisco Bay Area earthquake using their responses to the eight scales of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Over-all, the short-sleepers scored significantly higher on this questionnaire and in general, the pattern of their responses was consistent with inferences that could be drawn from a 1972 paper by Hartmann, Baekeland, and Zwilling. 相似文献