Microblogging, online expression, and political efficacy among young chinese citizens: the moderating role of information and entertainment needs in the use of weibo

In 2011, China's Internet population reached over half a billion users and the popular Twitter-like social networking service, Weibo, has been adopted by half of the users since its launch in August 2009. Given the potential of the Internet to facilitate a civic culture in the authoritarian state, the use of Weibo and its effects on citizens' political attitudes and behaviors are of important concern. A survey of 499 Weibo users found that intensity of use was related to increased willingness to express opinions about government and politics, the perception that one has the ability to participate in politics, and feelings that the government is not responsive to the demands of citizens. Moreover, the above relationships were moderated by the motivations of Weibo use, such that information motives strengthened the relationships while entertainment motives weakened the relationships.     

Children’s Life Satisfaction: Developmental Trajectories and Environmental and Personality Predictors

Life satisfaction is a key indicator of children’s healthy development. Although the developmental changes of life satisfaction during adolescence have been investigated, the developmental trajectories of life satisfaction and related predictors during childhood remain unclear. Thus, the current study aimed to identify the developmental trajectories of life satisfaction covering the period from middle to late childhood as well as to examine the predictive roles of environmental factors (i.e., family dysfunction and basic psychological needs satisfaction at school), personality factors (i.e., neuroticism and extraversion), and their interactions in these developmental trajectories. An accelerated longitudinal design was used with Chinese elementary school students (N?=?1069, 45.8% girls, M _age?=?9.43, SD?=?0.95) of 3 cohorts (grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5) on 4 occasions at 6-month intervals. Growth mixture modeling analyses revealed three distinct trajectories of life satisfaction: “High-Stable” (88.8%), “High-Decreasing” (6.8%), and “Low-Increasing” (4.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction and neuroticism served as risk factors for adverse developmental trajectories of life satisfaction; whereas basic psychological needs satisfaction at school served as a protective factor. Furthermore, the interaction between family dysfunction and extraversion suggested that higher levels of extraversion buffered children against the negative effect of family dysfunction on the development of life satisfaction. The identification of three heterogeneous trajectory groups of children’s life satisfaction and key personality and environmental predictors associated with the trajectories suggests that specific interventions need to be tailored to the unique characteristics of the relevant trajectory groups.

     

一在二中与即用是体——方以智对理学的回应

方以智多次提到“一在二中”,这也是其处理超越者与现实世界之关系的基本思路.在讨论“一”和“二”的关系时,方以智一反宋儒强调有本到末,由体达用的思维模式,转而把重心放在“二”上,甚至主张“止有后天,并无先天”,有以现实世界为先、为本的倾向.以此为基础,方以智对于理学所讨论的一系列重要问题予以了回应,也体现出了重视思辨和强...     

身即腾腾处世间,心即逍遥出天外——唐代道教山水悟道诗的审美之乐

道教山水悟道诗是道教诗歌的一个重大题材,亦是中国古代山水诗的一个重要组成部分。在道教形成的一千八百多年历史中,道教山水悟道诗层出不穷。迨至唐代,道教山水悟道诗更臻繁荣,其字里行间或隐或显地绽露出逍遥快乐的审美心态。本文从分析道教徒的诗歌着手,初步探讨了道教徒在特定的道教时空中宗教体验与审美快乐,追踪和探求了这类诗歌的逍遥快乐的审美心态和独特的道教文化意蕴。     

Do Cognitive Behaviour Therapies Validate Cognitive Models of Mood Disorders? A Review of the Empirical Evidence

The efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression is now established. However, explanations for the efficacy of CBT are mixed. The evidence needed to support the explanation advanced by cognitive theory is lacking. This paper critically reviews the available empirical evidence. Forty-four outcome or process studies of therapy with depression are reviewed and 21 of these are subjected to a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between change in cognitions and change in level of depression during different kinds of therapy. Our analysis shows that: (1) change in cognitive style occurs in all four categories of treatment: CBT, Drug Therapy, Other-Psychological Therapy, and Waiting List; (2) there was a significant difference between Waiting List and all the active treatments in change in cognitions, but not between active treatments; (3) the degree of change in cognitive style is significantly related to change in depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), but not the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D); and (4) the relationship between cognitive change and depression is not unique to CBT. Our findings show that CBT does provide some support for the cognitive models of depression but the relationship between cognitive change and recovery from depression is not unique to CBT.     

考试自我效能感是考试焦虑影响考试成绩的中介变量

本文采用结构方程的统计分析技术．依据Baron(1986)提出的确定中介变量的规则和标准．对265名中学生的特质考试焦虑、考试自我效能感、数学期末考试成绩的关系进行了探讨。考试焦虑,考试自我效能感和数学考试成绩是三个潜变量。结果表明,考试焦虑通过考试自我效能感这一中介变量对考试成绩产生影响,考试自我效能感对考试成绩有直接的影响作用,是考试焦虑影响考试成绩的中介变量。     

Brain potentials elicited by matching global and occluded 3-dimensional contours

Subjects were instructed to match 3-dimensional forms while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the relationship between visual completion and conflict processing. Sequentially presented paired stimuli (S1 and S2) were identical in condition I, while in condition II the images were of the same contour, but S2 contained an invisible portion, and in condition III S1 and S2 were of different contours. Subjects indicated if stimuli were physically identical or contour similar in two separate sessions. Following the onset of S2, ERP components P100, N150, and LPC were recorded in all conditions. N150 was enhanced in condition II in both sessions, and N270 was elicited in conditions II and III. N150 is related to visual completion, while N270 is related to the evaluation of information discrepancy, belonging to independent systems.     

基于农民视角的集中居住政策选择——以扬州市为例

以2009年对扬州市24个行政村的实地调查为基础,本文对社会主义新农村建设背景下农民集中居住的需求进行了考察。研究结果表明,有一定比例的农民具有明确的集中居住的需求,且文化程度较高、家庭收入主要来源于非农业、收入水平较高的农户集中居住的需求相对较强。但对大多数的经济欠发达地区而言,农民的文化程度相对较低,农业收入是主要的家庭收入来源,且农户的收入水平不足以支撑居住集中化过程中房屋搬迁和重建的相关费用时,比较适合农民生产和生活的居住形式还是村庄。     

脾虚与胃黏膜损伤相关性的理论探讨

本文就脾虚与胃黏膜损伤的相关性从中医发病学、病机关联观、证型归纳属性及治法归类等4个方面,进行了理论探讨。认为中医脾虚的病理状态为胃黏膜损伤提供了客观条件,而胃黏膜损伤因素则又易加重脾虚证候,二者间存在着互为因果的相关关系。其观点为构建“从脾虚论治”胃黏膜损伤性疾病的治则观提供了理论基础。